Organisation of the Polish primary schools in the north-east provinces in the years 1915-1926 required considerable number of new teachers.Initially the educational authorities were forced to employ persons without necessary pedagogical qualifications. Advertisements in pedagogical newspapers that were adressed to all teachers - first of all to teachers from Galicia didn't brought any effects. At the same time training colleges and pedagogical courses were organized. Among many teachers of primary schools in the borderland, Józefa Joczowa, Nikodem Krasowski, Helena Kuzmowa, Helena Budrowiczówna and Otton Hademann deserve a particular respect
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