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EN
Mostowska`s novel had no editon since it`s first publication in the first decade of XIX century. For years her literary output was ignored and depreciated. Undoubtely in spite of some flaws, Mostowska` s literary output includes didactic value, innovatory current and tendency. Mostowska was one from the first woman writers. She engaged herself in cultural and literary life, watched over publication of her works. The premise of modern editing Mostowska`s novel is not only to allow reading after two hundred years of break, in the optimum editorial form, but also to show Mostowska`s achievements in a new light. Contemporary edition is an attempt to re‑read and objectify the clerical image of this author. At the beginning of the edition appeared belief or argument that language fault of author should not prevent the critical edition, especially when we are dealing in the artistic achievements, which was not published outside the first edition ever.
EN
This work concerns of parenetical literary prose of polish enlightenment in years 1762-1797. Theme was talked over with examples several works. Parenetical prose met the moral requirements of the age of enlightenment. This type of literature promoted various personel models of king, nobleman, gentry, mother and wife, citizen (citizeness), peasant. To form a new, enlightened citizen was an ambition of authors of these days. The necessity of reforming the educational system was accented in a particular way then. It was very important for authors to bring up good young people ans adults. Literature was a form of an education of this kind. Summarizing, it is necessary to stress great number of genres and literary form which was in service in parenesis. It was: speeches, moral-stories, dialogues of the deads, satires, letters. Great number of works was written in form of diarys - in this way they are always up-to-date.
EN
This article deals with problem of guilt and punishment in Anna Mostowska’s novel. Although the novelist emphasized amusement character of her works, her intention was to educate and sensibilize of reader. Mostowska’s authorship is an attemption of answering questions about point and source of suffering, justness of this one to honourable people; it includes also problems connected with destiny, guilt and punishment. In this article we can discuss this problems.
EN
Some can call this theme as perverse. For many people death was theme of taboo. People was affraid o f thinking and talking about it. Word “ to die” was replaced by noumerous euphemisms like: to sleep, go to the Lord, to leave. Saying about rating body was a scandal thing. But some of authors didn’t affraid to touch on the subject. This article present three poems which unite two themes: of death and of love: Carrion and After death remorse of Charles Baudelaire and Beautiful Maud of Maria Konopnicka. In Baudelaire’s poems we have a discordance between feeling of love to woman and wishing her to die. Ovcrmore, Baudelaire describes process of rating of a body with extreme precision, differently than Maria Konopnicka in Beautiful Maud. A dominant of the poem is love stonger than death, howerver it brings moral, estetical and ethical conflict.
EN
Anna Mostowska’s literary works was unjustly depreciated. In Mostowska’s texts, we can find all genuine problems of the Enlightment, philosophical and existential considerations. Mostowska’s ambition was to be membered. That’s why she improved her style, published with the most prominent editor, Joseph Zawadzki, and demanded careful proofreading from the publisher. She was an advocate of women’s rights. She fought for women’s status in social and literary (equal to men’s). She earned her living by writing although her work wasn’t popular with the nobility. Letters to Zawadzki testify her uncommon personality. We will discuss this problem in the study.
EN
The study deals with the history of development of the genre dialogues of the dead. Most authors of the dialogues drew inspiration from creation of a poet Lukian from Samosat. The genre especially flourished in XVIIIth century France. The greatest French authors of dialogues were: Boileau, Fontenelle and Fénelon. Boileau was the author of the first significiant dialogues U's Heros de roman, dialogue á la maniere de iMcien which was published in 1773. Fontenclle made his début in field of dialogues of the dead in 1683 writing anonymous Nouveaux dialogues des morls. His dialogues are full of scepticism and believing in fatum. The third of the greatest - Fénelon was a teacher and educator of a young prince Lewis. That is why his dialogues has didactic character and clear pointed end. Not uncommonly Fénelon starts dialogues with a preface with moral admonition to young readers. In many dialogues Fénelon condemns bad, cruel rulers oposing to them righteous and good kings. The study deals with an original Polish dialogues of the dead as well. The first Polish dialogues came from first half of XVI“1 century. Theirs authors were F. Bohomolec and I. Krasicki. The former published in 1758 the dialogue A conversation upon Polish language, the latter wrote 30 dialogues which express author’s reflections about difficult political situation of fatherland, about windings o f human nature. His dialogues are didactic in character, similiary to Fénelone’s. The difference is that Krasicki had been writing for adult readers. Many Polish dialogues are to this day anonymous. Many dialogues of metioned in the study authors were published in Polish periodicals: Zabawy Przyjemne i Pożyteczne (1770 1777), Monitor (1765- 1785), Zbiór Różnego Rodzaju Wiadomości z Nauk Wyzwolonych (1770).
PL
Podstawa wydania - ZPP 1771, t. 3, cz. 1, s. 205-208. Wydanie II, 1779 r. E. Aleksandrowska nie zanotowała żadnych różnic w tekstach. Autora ustalono przez analogię do innych pozycji o potwierdzonym autorstwie F. Bieńkowskiego. Kryptonim autora: F. B. rozwiązano wg R. IV 2 i P. XVI 2 (zob. Al., s. 39).
EN
The study outlines of history of the genre - letter. Already in antiquity, it was so popular literary form, so many magnificant ancient authors, like Plato, Cicero, Epikur, Ovidius, wrote letter. There were also normative books used to train art of writing letters - ars of epistolandi. Modem literature brings flourishing of humanistic letter, which, as before, was written in Latin and what was newnees, in Polish. Because of a letter became a popular way to exchange opinions which deals extensive subject matter, within the genre appeared new forms. Both letters of Franciszek Bieńkowski deals of affront, which happened authors, comming to meet rich men. But his old, well-known people - at present rich person - doesn’t recognize him. The topic was grasped in characterictic for Bieńkowski - ingenious, humorous and surprising form.
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