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EN
Research that is being proposed refers to finding the ways to relate the remunerations of managements and supervisory boards to the results achieved by the company. Evaluation of the managers work is very complicated because of the ambivalence of benchmarks that are being used to calculate their salaries. This subject is highlighted especially at the time of economic downturn, when even the amounts that are paid to the managements are shocking for the observers. This article, however, focuses on the aspect of defining the proper reference, which would determinate the premium part of the management salaries. With the appropriate legislative regulations, remunerations of managers were well highlighted and so, that topic was exhibited to the wide debate. A major role was played here by the standards imposed by the Financial Supervision Commission and the Stock Exchange itself. Similarly, on the central level, legislation regulates this issue. From that point, a very important documents are EU directives from the year 2004 and so-called „chimney law”. Literature describing the issue of rewarding the managers is proposing to use many different benchmarks for the evaluation of managers work. The scope includes the simple ones, like net profits achieved by the company and more complicated like those based on the residual value. In the analysis that was made in the article, the simple measures were taken under consideration, because of their clarity and ease of interpretation by the managers and the investors. Performed calculations presents relations between the remunerations and the company results understood as the volume of sales and the net profit for the whole fiscal year. The carried survey proved that in the vast majority of cases, the proposed benchmarks are not a good reference for the interpretation of the remuneration determination process. Also a disturbing discrepancy of changes in salaries and the company’s results was detected. Finally, the best and the worst companies was pointed, from the point of view of the management salary policy proposed at the beginning.
EN
The text touches on the subject of the fi nancial markets in the context of behavioral theories. The author att empts to verify the occurrence of one of the popular calendar eff ects, the day-of-the- -week eff ect, on the Polish stock market. Another limitati on of the study area of the research is to include in the analysis only small companies. Many voices from the mainstream of behavioral fi nance say that the presence of anomalies listed is more evident in the case of small companies, which are not the focus of the majority of investors. In the proposed study, the data used contained companies in the Stock Exchange in Warsaw, with a maximum capitalizati on of 10 million PLN. Research sample includes quotati ons of these companies during the period January 2010-April 2014. In order to verify the hypothesis of the occurrence of the day-of-the-week eff ect among these companies the author used ARCH modeling. In the course of the analysis the author verifi ed negati vely the occurrence of the eff ect of weekdays in the proposed research sample.
PL
Autorzy twierdzą, że wiele raportów analitycznych publikowanych przez domy maklerskie, oceniających kursy akcji spółek notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie, daje zbyt optymistyczne oceny przewidywanych zmian ich notowań, nie w pełni uzasadnione analizą zmiennych fundamentalnych odzwierciedlających rzeczywistą sytuację tych przedsiębiorstw i ich pozycję rynkową oraz ogólną sytuację gospodarczą. Niezależnie od subiektywizmu tych ocen i ogólnej tendencji do nadmiernego optymizmu, występuje także efekt zakotwiczenia polegający na tym, że wielu analityków giełdowych stara się dostosować swoje oceny do ocen zawartych w już opublikowanych raportach innych renomowanych domów maklerskich. Takie zachowania, wpływające na oceny i prognozy kursów sporządzane przez analityków giełdowych, a zwłaszcza ich nadmierny optymizm, ograniczają wartość informacyjną podawanych przez nich rekomendacji inwestycyjnych. Powyższe wnioski zostały poparte wynikami analizy raportów giełdowych opublikowanych w okresie od 2009 r. do 2012 r., a dotyczących kursów akcji 20 największych spółek notowanych na GPW.
EN
The authors argue that many analytical reports published by brokerage houses, assessing the quotations of the companies registered at Warsaw Stock Exchange, tend to give too optimistic assessments of their future prices, not fully justifi ed by fundamental variables refl ecting the actual situation of those enterprises, their market prospects, and macroeconomic environment. Apart from subjectivism seen in those assessments and the general tendency to over-optimism, there is also an anchoraging effect in the sense that many stock market analyses tend to conform with the assessments presented in other reports published earlier by some reputable brokerage houses. Such behavioural effects infl uencing the assessments and forecasts made by market analysts, notably their over-optimism, diminish the true informative value of investment recommendations included in stock market reports. The above conclusions are supported by the results of the examination of stock market reports published by major brokerage houses in the period between 2009 and 2012, which included recommendations concerning the share prices of 20 major corporations noted at WSE.
RU
Авторы утверждают, что многие аналитические отчеты брокерских компаний, содержащих оценку курсов акций биржевых обществ, котирующихся на Бирже ценных бумаг в Варшаве, дают слишком оптимистичные оценки предполагаемых изменений их котировок. Эти оценки кажутся не вполне обоснованными в свете анализа фундаментальных переменных, отражающих действительную ситуацию этих предприятий и их рыночную позицию, а также общее экономическое положение. Независимо от субъективизма этих оценок и общей тенденции к чрезмерному оптимизму, наблюдается также эффект подключения, состоящий в том, что многие биржевые аналитики стараются подтянуть свои оценки к оценкам, содержащимся в уже публикованных отчетах других авторитетных брокерских домов. Такое поведение, влияющее на оценки и прогнозы курсов, составленных биржевыми аналитиками и особенно их чрезмерный оптимизм, ограничивают информационную ценность даваемых ими инвестиционных рекомендаций. Вышеприведенные выводы были подкреплены результатами анализа биржевых отчетов, опубликованных в период с 2009 по 2012 гг. и касающихся курсов акций 20-ти крупнейших обществ, чьи акции котируются на Бирже ценных бумаг.
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