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1
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Wymiar kar kościelnych w kontekście salus animarum

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Wroceński J.
Sympozjum
|
2016
|
issue 2(31)
9-40
EN
In his paper, the author considers the question of the dimension of ecclesiastical penalties in the context of the salvation of souls. He reaches the conclusion that the law of the Church and the power of punishment are closely associated with the same nature and mission of the Church which was established by Christ, not only as a spiritual community linked by supernatural bonds but also as a visible community, which, for the realization of its salvific mission (salus animarum), has at its disposal various means, including the power to inflict penalties. Ecclesiastical penalty always entails some diminution or even deprivation of rights that belonged to a person because of the state of life in the Church. The Church and, more precisely, those who stand at the head of communities apply penalties under the authority of Christ. The infliction of ecclesiastical penalties is effectuated within the triple function of the power of governance, i.e. legislative, executive, and judicial. However, criminal sanctions are inflicted on condition of external violation and it must be a violation of some penal statute, general or particular, or penal regulation. In addition, there must be significant sanity as a result of intentional or unintentional guilt. If it lacks any of the above-mentioned elements, it is not possible to impose of a criminal sanction in the Church in a particular case. Although this principle is absolute, still it permits an exception. Namely, the legislator allows punishment also for exceeding the legal provision that is not backed by a criminal sanction under two conditions: if the special gravity of the offense demands punishing and if, at the same time, the need to avoid scandal or to repair it is urgent. This is always done in the context of the salus animarum.
2
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Kapituła Generalna podmiotem najwyższej władzy w instytucie zakonnym

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Wroceński J.
Sympozjum
|
2016
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issue 2(31)
211-237
EN
In this paper, the author accentuates the fact that authority in religious institutes does not only have a purely institutional character, but it also includes spiritual and community elements. The exercise of this power within the whole institute and at all levels of governance of the institute is made in both individual and collective terms, under the general and their own institute’s laws. Referring to the constant tradition of the issue of governing institutes he notes that the management of the institute cannot in any event be entrusted to the whole community as such. The essential tasks of a board in institutions, whether in terms of individual or collective management, are the organisation of the structures of community life and the protection of fidelity to the mission of the institute and its charisma. In the later part of the study, the author also indicates that a general chapter should not to be perceived in a mythical way, i.e. as if it were a panacea for all religious ills. In the institute of consecrated life, the board’s perfection depends not so much on the structures, but on persons with adequate natural gifts and an individual charisma. Deficiencies of individual superiors involving the inappropriate governance will not be removed by the action of a collective body that is the general chapter. Also, one should not be under a delusion that in the acts of the general chapter responsibility is spread over many people and it decreases individual responsibility. Besides, it is wrong to seek and promote the spirit of a democracy that aims to defend the personal rights of individual members or groups in a religious institute. This may sometimes lead to applying for rights that should rather be part of powers opposite to the Gospel. The general chapter, therefore, should be a sign of unity in love of the institute and express a common concern of all its members for the good of the whole community.
3
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Współczesne wyzwania i oczekiwania wobec życia konsekrowanego

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Wroceński J.
Sympozjum
|
2017
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issue 1(32)
195-221
PL
Autor w swoim opracowaniu, biorąc pod uwagę problemy, jakich doświadcza obecnie człowiek, poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytanie: jak ma wyglądać współczesne życie konsekrowane, jakim wyzwaniom musi ono dzisiaj sprostać? Czego oczekuje się dzisiaj od osób konsekrowanych, jakiego świadectwa? W związku z tym, najpierw wskazuje podstawy teologiczne wspólnoty zakonnej, podkreślając, że jest ona darem Bożym, a zarazem tajemnicą zakorzenioną w sercu Trójcy Świętej, następnie omawia jej wymiar charyzmatyczny. Zdaniem autora zasadniczym elementem życia konsekrowanego jest wierność wobec własnej konsekracji według charyzmatu. Wśród współczesnych wyzwań na pierwszym miejscu podkreśla on wyzwania wynikające z rad ewangelicznych, a następnie poddaje analizie inne znaki czasu, które są wyzwaniem dla osób konsekrowanych. Po przeprowadzonych analizach autor podkreśla, że najistotniejszym elementem odpowiedzi na postawione pytanie badawcze pozostaje osobiste i wspólnotowe świadectwo życia osób konsekrowanych. Ich życie objawia światu prawdziwe oblicze miłości Boga i Kościoła, ale nigdy go nie wyczerpuje. Dokumenty Stolicy Apostolskiej umieszczają życie konsekrowane w centrum działalności Kościoła, tym samym wyznaczają mu doniosłe zadanie, by było widocznym znakiem obecności Boga w świecie. Ci, którzy żyją życiem konsekrowanym, stają się promotorami prawdziwego rozwoju osoby ludzkiej. W tym znaczeniu osoby konsekrowane mają szczególny udział i zadanie w uświęcaniu świata. Stanowią one zatem radykalną odpowiedź na pojawiające się w każdej epoce znaki czasu.
EN
In his paper, examining the problems experienced by man today, the author seeks answers to the question: what is contemporary consecrated life to look like? What challenges does it face today? What is expected from consecrated persons today, which testimony? In this regard, first, he points to the theological foundations of the religious community, emphasizing that it is a gift from God and at the same time a mystery rooted in the heart of the Holy Trinity, and then he discusses its charismatic dimension. The author thinks that fidelity to one’s consecration according to the charism is an essential element of consecrated life. Among today’s challenges, he first highlights the challenges of the evangelical counsels, and then analyses other contemporary signs of the time, which are a challenge for consecrated persons. Following these analyses, the author emphasizes that personal and community testimony of the life of consecrated persons remains the most important element of the answer to the posed question. Their lives reveal the true face of the love of God and the Church to the world, but never exhaust it. The documents of the Apostolic See place consecrated life in the center of the Church’s activity, thereby assigning it the momentous task of being a visible sign of God’s presence in the world. Those who live a consecrated life become promoters of the true development of the human person. In this sense, consecrated persons have a special share and task in sanctifying the world. They are, therefore, a radical response to the emerging signs of time in each epoch.
4
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Czy seminaria duchowne są jeszcze potrzebne

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Wroceński J.
Sympozjum
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2014
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issue 1(26)
19-34
EN
The author in his paper seeks to answer the question contained in the title. In discussing the history of the seminary institution he analyzed the provisions of the most important Church documents, particularly of the Councils: Trent, Vatican II and the Code of Canon Law of 1983. He shows that the seminary is a specific institution, because on the one hand is a scientific facility on the model of the university, on the other hand a formative facility aimed at certain personality traits and attitudes in candidates for the priesthood, which make them qualified to preach the Gospel. Despite the changing circumstances of time and social conditions seminaries continue to fulfill their role. Hence, the Church requires the establishment, as far as possible, such institution, in every diocese and in institute of consecrated life. They provide, necessary theological formation and behavior approprate to characteristics and traditions of a particular Church or institute of consecrated life.
5
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Duszpasterstwo parafialne w służbie pokoju

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Wroceński J.
Sympozjum
|
2013
|
issue 1(24)
137-161
EN
Parish ministry is an organized religious activity of the Church which consists of serving believers with proclaiming God’s Word, celebrating Eucharist, administrating others sacraments. Within the Church believers enter into personal interactions, they help one another, and confessing their faith, they bear witness of God’s Good News to unbelievers. As an organized activity within the Church, it has to be regulated with proper legal acts. Parish ministry involves lots of particular activities on the above mentioned fields which are directed towards building parish community. An immediate consequence of parish ministry is a reconciliation with God, unity of the believers and any person of good will. Strong experience of one’s faith can be helpful to other persons to gain peace in their hearts. Every believer must be a spark of light, a centre of love amidst his follow men. And he will be this all the more he lives in communion with God, and the more he achieves peace within his heart. Peace in one’s heart is a condition of peace within families and between nations.
6
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Aspekt prawny posługi przełożonego zakonnego i jego odpowiedzialność w prowadzeniu wspólnoty

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Wroceński J.
Sympozjum
|
2018
|
issue 2(35)
223-248
PL
Autor w swoim opracowaniu podejmuje temat posługi przełożonego zakonnego we współczesnych warunkach życia zakonnego. Zwraca szczególną uwagę na kwestię jego odpowiedzialności względem wspólnoty. W związku z tym najpierw omawia pojęcie władzy w Kościele, bowiem władza związana z urzędem przełożonego jest częścią władzy kościelnej. Następnie na podstawie analizy dokumentów Zgromadzenia Księży Sercanów omawia pozycję prawną przełożonego w tymże Zgromadzeniu. Z kolei poddaje analizie prawnej naturę wspólnoty zakonnej, gdyż posługa przełożonego ściśle jest związana ze wspólnotą. Autor podkreśla, że jakość posługi przełożonego wpływa na jakość wspólnoty i odwrotnie jakość wspólnoty wpływa na jakość posługi przełożonego. W związku z tym w końcowym fragmencie opracowania autor omawia zagadnienie odpowiedzialności przełożonego w prowadzeniu wspólnoty zakonnej, zwracając uwagę na współczesne okoliczności życia Kościoła i społeczeństwa, które stanowią nowe wyzwania dla życia zakonnego i posługi przełożonego.
EN
In this study, the author discusses the topic of the religious superior’s ministry in the contemporary conditions of religious life. He pays special attention to the problem of his responsibility towards the community. In doing so, he first discusses the concept of authority in the Church, because the authority associated with the office of the superior is an element of the ecclesiastical authority. Then, on the basis of the analysis of the documents of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, he discusses the legal position of the superior in that Congregation. Further, he analyzes the nature of the religious community because the ministry of the superior is always closely connected with the community. The author emphasizes the fact that the quality of the superior’s ministry affects the quality of the community and, vice versa, the quality of the community affects the quality of the superior’s ministry. Therefore, in the final part of the study the author discusses the issue of responsibility of the superior in the conduct of the religious community, paying special attention to the contemporary circumstances of the Church and society, which pose new challenges for the religious life and the ministry of the superior.
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