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Wschodni model współczesnego wychowania państwowego na przykładzie rosyjskiego korpusu kadetów. Zarys problemu

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Jastrzębski P.
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
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2012
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issue 28
145-152
EN
The modern model of state education in Russia promotes patriotism and devotion to the authorities. Young people must be proud of their origin and, in spite of deteriorating material conditions, should stay in the country contributing to its development. Cadet Corps Alumni are an example of a patriotic education model. Several years of learning in the military school shapes their beliefs and teaches them complete surrender to authority. Patriotism, combined with the sense of external threat, has become the driving force behind the reconstruction of the Russian superpower. One of the cornerstones of the school is the acceptance of Putin’s Russia by spreading the vision of becoming an international representative of the country. The increase in military spending and functioning of military schools such as the Corps of Cadets give rise to fears that in the future Russia the army will become one of the tools of the superpower on the arena of foreign policy.
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Z rynku prasowego Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. Odbiorcy i zasięg oddziaływania „Myśli Narodowej” w latach 1921-1939

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Jastrzębski P.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum
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2010
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issue 16
269-284
EN
In the interwar period the “National Thought” was elite weekly of the national camp about character ideologically – theoretical. The main task of the weekly was adopted by the disclosure of the National Democracy political line and shaping in spirit of members the national camp, as well as wide groups of the public opinion. Circles having with a higher education that is an intelligence and widely understood elites were a recipient of the letter. In contemporary Poland it wasn't a large group and essentially could count not more than 1.5 m of persons. “National Thought” was for the National Democracy above all the unusually essential tool of attracting the intelligentsia and holding it, as well as other chosen social groups, contacts. Therefore the periodical was characterized by an editorial and technical high level, showing reflections of political, social and cultural most outstanding politicians and national ideologists. The letter was issued in Warsaw and had a nationwide scope although indeed reached the largest municipal centers above all. Effectively the financial problems typical of the Polish press of that period lowered the scope of the letter, relatively low circulation in good years the copy reaching the over 5 thousand and accepted exclusiveness of the periodical. This phenomenon typical of magazines was ideologically – political in the period of interwar Poland. Editors of “National Thought” as an elitist statement, avoid the spectacular marketing activities and therefore the basic form of periodical distribution, essentially limiting the mass range, for which extension in but never was a subscription, and not the street distribution. Subscriptions were made through post offices or direct orders by editors. The newspaper could also be purchased at selected bookstores in the country. The technique adopted was to distribute the newspaper to create the strongest ties to its recipient. Distribution of the letter dealt with the biggest distribution company in Poland – Polish Association of Railway Bookshop “Ruch” from Warsaw leading wholesale distribution of letters in the most remote corners of the country.
3
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Prasa ideowa II RP – geneza i etapy rozwoju „Myśli Narodowej” (1921–1939)

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Jastrzębski P.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
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2012
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vol. 33
113-131
EN
The „National Thought” was the ideological organ – theoretical of National Democracy in the interwar period. This elite letter was referred to elites and playing an important role extremely in disseminating and shaping ideological layouts of the national camp. The letter rose in 1921 in Warsaw from the initiative group of Lvov activists and journalists in the different degree related or sympathetic with the National Democratic Party. The considerable part founders of our interest periodical recruited of the Lvov National League (LN). „National Thought” was so the private initiative of the group national journalists, activists and supporters of the National Democratic Party in the various ways related with Lvov what was typical of the contemporary decentralized press system of the National Democracy. “National Thought” established to “the Voice” edited by Jan Ludwik Popławski recognizing itself as the last cell chain of the national camp large publishing companies: “the Voice” – “Polish Review” – “National Review”. A need was fundamental to appoint life “the National Thought” of filling up the appearing gap in contemporary National Democratic press apparatus not having a week’s title. From a point of the history view the press of the Polish second Republic and the history of the Polish political thought the weekly magazine takes one of the principal places in it being with one of more interesting opinionforming letters which appeared in the interwar period amongst theoretical periodicals of all shades of the contemporary Polish political landscape.
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