In the first paragraphs of his essay Marek Mikołajec presents the relation between human and animal elements of human being, making references to Giogrio Agamben’s deliberations. Then he summarizes Witold Gombrowicz’s views on science and he leads it to the parody as a force which abolishes simplifying and oppressive treatment of a human being. Further he fallows the revisionist gestures of a character from Gombrowicz’s Pamiętnik Stefana Czarnieckiego and he reads them in the context of finding out ideology hidden in family, religious and patriotic education. Rat takes a important place in Gombrowicz’s story, and the author shows the cultural and critical importance of this animal.
The author of the article poses a thesis on an end of the model of national literature, which dominated in the People’s Republic of Poland, and replacing narratives aimed at creating a stiff national discourse by the so-called “small canons” and “small narratives”. The article consists of a theoretical and a practical parts. In the first one, the author describes a shift from great narratives, consolidating a nation, to small narratives, supported by pan-national, humanistic, and comparative literary canons. In the practical part, Mikołajec interprets Ondraszek by Gustaw Morcinek, poems by Paweł Kubisz, and Pierwsza polka by Horst Bienek. He indicates that the foundation for opening a perspective of a new community in these books – an open community – is a paradoxical, universalist thinking, built upon Marxist and Hegelian understanding of history, and Christian ethics.
FR
Dans son article, l’auteur avance la thèse sur le déclin du modèle dominant dans l’histoire de la littérature nationale à l’époque de la République populaire de Pologne (PRL) et sur la substitution des narrations visant à créer un discours national ferme par des petits modèles et des genres mineurs. Le travail se compose de deux parties : théorique et analytique. Dans la première, il est question du passage des genres majeurs consolidant et pérennisant la nation aux petits modèles soutenus par des canons littéraires transnationaux et comparatistes. Dans la partie analytique, Marek Mikołajec propose une interprétation de l’oeuvre de Gustaw Morcinek, Ondraszek, de la poésie de Paweł Kubisz et de Pierwsza polka [La Première polka] de Horst Bienek. L’auteur de l’article démontre que le fondement servant d’appui à la perspective de la nouvelle communauté – une communauté ouverte – consiste paradoxalement en une pensée universaliste venant d’une interprétation marxiste et hégélienne des temps, ainsi que de l’éthique chrétienne.
The author of the article, inspired by Dariusz Nowacki’s review, proposes a thesis opposite to that of the famous critic, who calls Szczepan Twardoch’s and Jacek Dehnel’s diaries “a show-off of avatars.” In defence of Twardoch’s book, Wieloryby i ćmy [Whales and moths] the author decides to concentrate on its ideological and literary values. Most importantly, he strives to prove that the diaries constitute an original and innovative attempt at developing a genre of intimate diaries and have a multifaceted interpretive potential. The author of Morfina [Morphine] expresses in his diaries a desire for “directing a great life,” understood as a consistent creation of literary works as well as a life imitating literature. The analyses and commentaries included in the article focus on the oppositions and hypostases found in the text, for example, of the world and provincial, history and life, literature and nothingness, settlement and foreignness, life and death, presence and absence, life according to spirit and life according to body, responsibility and its lack.
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