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ZABYTKOWY KRAJOBRAZ OBSZARÓW KOMUNIKACJI KOLEJOWEJ. Z ZAGADNIEŃ OCHRONY I KONSERWACJI*

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Kola R.

Ochrona Zabytków

2003

issue 1-2

182-201

In Poland interest in the landscape of railway areas conceived as an object of research and conservation protection remains slight. The railway is usually associated with a set of elements of rail infrastructure whose form, construction, mutual relations, technological solutions or their traces constitute material testimony of the past. The author of the article attempted to indicate basic issues connected with the modern form of the protection and conservation of the space occupied by the railway. Upon the basis of experiences from the domain of rail engineering and the protection of the historical landscape he identified elements comprising the railway landscape, their nature, co-dependence and significance in the overall landscape. Attention is drawn to the specificity of the observation of the railway landscape, predominantly by placing emphasis on the role of the rolling stock in the perception of the railway. The article also presents the origin of the railway landscape. The major part of the present-day historical railway space in Poland developed from the second half of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, i. e. during a period marked by the loss of independence. This is the reason why we come across traces of three different railway systems – Austrian, Prussian and Russian. In the wake of the first world war renascent Poland witnessed a series of investments intent on unifying the various systems. Similar undertakings were continued after World War II. The complexity of the emergence of a railway network is the reason why today we may encounter railway landscapes with diverse features. The author acquaints the reader with the threat of losing the historical railway infrastructure caused by modernisation and the total liquidation of the railway. Attention is drawn to the technological character of the railway which is the reason why protection within historical space constitutes a particularly difficult task. Mention is made of the necessity of applying assorted ranges of conservation protection and trends of activity pursued for the sake of fully protected railway lines (reservations) as well as the protection of select elements of used lines and traces of liquidated lines. R. Kola points to other, earlier neglected problems: the derivatives of the conflict between the profit-oriented railway enterprise and the maintenance of the historical infrastructure, as well as the role played by assorted levels of the authorities in the preservation of the historical railway landscape.

„STUDIA I MATERIAŁY DO DZIEJÓW ŻUP SOLNYCH W POLSCE” t. XXIV, Wyd. Muzeum Żup Krakowskich, Wieliczka 2005, 390 s.

100%

Kola R.

Ochrona Zabytków

2006

issue 1

109-113

The presented publication contains 14 works associated with the activity of the Museum of the Cracow Salt Mines in Wieliczka pertaining to geology, archaeology, history, and the history of technology. The articles are accompanied by summaries in English. The authors of the first article: Katarzyna Cyran and Jerzy Przybyła, described the geological construction and hydrogeological conditions of one of the most interesting workings – “Pieskowa Skała” – in the Wieliczka salt mine. In the next article, Józef Charkot took into consideration the development of mining technology and outlined the development of the salt mine in Bochnia in 1772-1990. The technology of salt mining and safety in the Wieliczka mine are the topics of the article by Łukasz Walczy, who discussed the protection of the workings and underground excavation (1772-1918). In the fourth article, Barbara Konwerska and Małgorzata Międzyborska presented the financial profits gained by the administrators of the salt mine (royal property) from the end of the thirteenth century to 1772. Barbara Konwerska went on to write about the exploitation of the Wieliczka mine in the light of the benefits enjoyed by its employees in the years 1772-1914. The consecutive three articles (authors: Antoni Barciak, Roman Stelmach, and Maciej Zdanek) deal with the Cistercian order in Poland. The following articles consider the Polish settlers who from the eighteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century appeared the locality of Kaczyca (Cacica, today: Bukovina in Rumania) in connection with the local salt mines (authors: Kazimierz Jurczak, Marcin Marynowski, Corneliu Zup, and Kazimierz Longher). The publication ends with two archaeological communiques about the Museum of the Cracow Salt Mines by Jarosław M. Fraś and Szymon Pawlikowski.

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ZABYTKOWY KRAJOBRAZ OBSZARÓW KOMUNIKACJI KOLEJOWEJ. Z ZAGADNIEŃ OCHRONY I KONSERWACJI*

„STUDIA I MATERIAŁY DO DZIEJÓW ŻUP SOLNYCH W POLSCE” t. XXIV, Wyd. Muzeum Żup Krakowskich, Wieliczka 2005, 390 s.