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EN
The main tendencies of European folk music research are discussed. Starting with literary and aesthetic aspects in the 18th and 19th century, continuing to folk music research, comparative and ethnomusicological, systematic as well as music anthropological paradigm, which are interrelated with the leading personalities of the field. Their names and main activities are summarized. Definitions are related to traditional music and the objectives we are investigating. The process of research is described, starting with fieldwork, the primary evaluation of the gathered material, the process of its analysis and classification, as to the proposed topics and special studies. The aims of our studies play a decisive role, if they are directed to editorial, source-critical, theoretic, methodical questions, or if they understand traditional music as a historical remnant. It is important to notice that our approach and understanding of traditional music is an important aspect, which can influence our research results. We can understand music as a vivid, open and permanently changing phenomenon, or look upon it, as to something damned for disappearance. They are often part of a national, regional concept, of a school tradition, which deeply determine our access to the questions we have to answer. The following paradigms have been analyzed: - the rescuing paradigm, - that of identification of the researcher with the phenomena, - the structural-comparative one, - the socio-cultural and the - synthesizing paradigm.
EN
Fieldwork gains those documents, which are necessary to exemplify processes and phenomena under research. Among the multitude of many methods available and used in fieldwork the paper is concentrated on inter-subjective relations and communication between the researcher and the persons supplying information. This relation became in the last decade subject of psychological investigations. The most decisive role is played in this investigation by psychoanalytical views. Ethnopsychological aspects are more and more enlarged and touch the methodology of ethno-psychoanalytical procedures, applied to the fieldwork situation. Furthers aspect are directed to the traditionally used audiovisual multimedia in documentation as it was the case in the last 100 years. In the 70s have been renewed procedures and aspects in inter-personal communication in empirical and experimental projects as applied in the motifs by Sigmund Freud, Bronislaw Malinowski and others, which got a remarkable support in new research. The inner relations in this procedure are exemplified in two schemes: the first shows the infrastructure of relation between the subject of the researchers and the persons he is investigating. The second scheme has to analyze the project of fieldwork, its organization, administration and data retrieval.
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