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"Prolegomena filozofii pracy" Stanisława Brzozowskiego w kontekście naszych modernistycznych zmagań dla przyszłych pokoleń

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Popek K.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2014
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vol. 26
467-484
EN
Without doubt “Prolegomena filozofii pracy” by Stanislaw Brzozowski sets in a historical perspective the trail which we can go through not only thanks to our serious effort, but also to the intangible internal gesture. According to this philosopher, the work irreversibly determines the shape of our lives; it creates a world of culture. What is more, life is its purpose in the sense that it makes permanent transformations in the world that protects human life – not necessarily our own! According to this new logic, man creates his life and the cognition of himself. Reconstruction of murderous mental rite of work is impossible, because living matter wears just down through the work. However, according to Brzozowski, we cannot know anything except our own life. We constantly think about it, we give it some shape. The author pas- sionately draws from Hegel’s philosophy of process, but he arrives at his own implications. Brzozowski has made a specific identification of consciousness with a deep philosophy. In his opinion, our fear of the future would not be justified if we could rely on the work of our ancestors. However, work remains our constant challenge. In general, a person is very weak and fragile in the face of the world of nature. We are weak when we are subordinated to the objective rules. If a human develops in the work – he and she protects and cares for their truly human dignity. Brzozowski was a rebelious thinker. He believed in the cause of the working class even more than their own strength. I would like to dedicate my article to Stanislaw Brzozowski to demonstrate what a piercing philosopher and a theorist of social thought he was.
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Dwuznaczność metafor i gier językowych w filozofii

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Popek K.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2015
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vol. 27
225-245
EN
The problem of the ambiguity of metaphors and language games in philosophy is significant. On the one hand, we can talk about philosophers’ openness to specially inaccurate issues. On the other hand, we can note that it is not enough to stand face to face with the problem, or, what is even more difficult, determine and accept the right solution. In the context of the considerations, in my opinion, the thoughts which are especially worthy of attention are the ones of Plato and Wittgenstein, who, although from different perspectives, would reduce the problem of metaphors and language games most willingly, even excluding them from the use, or at least significantly reducing their impact on people. While the former one even “excludes” poets of the ideal state, the latter one practically leaves no room for poetic wordplay, basically pushing so understood non-literality outside his “chessboard”. However, as I wanted to show, Plato as well as Wittgenstein largely “created” poetry themselves, though they were not poets in the strict sense. In the mind of each of them, undoubtedly, there is some ambivalence in the approach to these issues. In my work I attempt to look at the problem from the perspective of deconstruction too, because I think that it sheds new light on it and allows a deeper reflection on the subject. The end of the text provides an incentive to philosophical thought in general which, despite its complexities, brings hope of redemption from daily life.
3
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Uwikłanie bohatera w mit – drogi duchowego wyzwolenia

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Popek K.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2016
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vol. 28/1
191-216
EN
The work is a frame study of heroism, which manifests itself in particular living people and in mythological characters, heroes concerned for welfare, beauty and truth in everyday struggles. It presents the fates of the mythical benefactors of humanity as well as humans absorbed by efforts for their spiritual salvation. The background of the stated problem concerning the entanglement of the hero into myth is “the philosophical disenfranchisement of art". This issue is a specific basis for the presenting of the figure of fined for his noble intentions Prometheus from the painting by Rubens. Referring to the heroism of the people, we can see that it is also not free of sacrifices. It turns out that there is no turning back from the destination, which is the life of every human according to his own conviction. However, only the awareness of the entanglement into myth and the practice of one’s personal religious belief in spiritual liberation can bring the expected relief in the form of true grace.
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On the difficult art of human condition. Hermeneutics of non-knowledge

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Popek K.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2017
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vol. 29/1
EN
The paper is an attempt to show the specificity of human knowledge and also its insufficiency when contrasted with the feeling that we still know very little or almost nothing. The presented problem is discussed from the perspective of hermeneutics. According to the view of Socrates, only by being true to themselves can humans know their nature and actually their insignificance to the universe. Theologians explain, though, that the human condition, although very poor as such – according to the will of God – can be filled with grace. Our faith is largely founded on non-knowledge. We still face our own ignorance and the confrontation with non-knowledge becomes the cause of constantly asking new questions and of human development in general.
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