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Sprawności jako sposoby doskonalenia natury ludzkiej

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Pańpuch Z.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
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2016
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vol. 11
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issue 3
67-83
EN
In this article two questions are analyzed: the first — more general — is about the relation between the action and its source — the acting subject — a human person and the second — more detailed — concerns traditional definition of virtues — abilities of actions understood as lasting dispositions. This is especially connected with virtues, called ethical, which perfect our morality, that is the human modus operandi, which constitutes the field of praxis. The main problem which arises here concerns the co-operation of will with the sensual-organic powers of human action. In the article the Aristotelian-Thomistic perspective was used, with the emphasis on the second component. In this optics the aim of the article is to expose human nature from the aspect of the effciency of humanaction,which is especially expressed by virtues, especially ethical.
2
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THE FOUNDATIONS OF CLASSICAL THOUGHT ON THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE

100%
Pańpuch Z.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2014
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vol. 3
347-365
EN
The article discusses Plato’s and Aristotle’s writings on the sovereignty of the state. It claims that the reflections of the two philosophers on the nature and role of the polis was for them only the result of a shift in attention from the individual man to the whole of social relations that surround him. Just as man’s life in the biological dimension depends on whether he encounters around himself favorable conditions for nourishment, shelter, and longer life, so man’s spiritual life depends on how the political community has been shaped, which is man’s natural spiritual environment. A badly formed political community makes it impossible for man to live well or find fulfillment, and in an extreme case, as in the example of Socrates, it can even put him to death. For that reason, Plato and Aristotle examined the nature of the polis, tried to understand it, and to plan its functioning so that it would best serve virtue and man’s fulfillment. Ultimately, only such a polis ultimately can be called sovereign.
3
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Zło moralne a zło ontyczne — problem skutków wadliwego działania

100%
Pańpuch Z.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
|
2017
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vol. 12
|
issue 3
77-85
EN
The problem analysed in the article is the question about results of faulty (or evil) human actions and the range of their influence on other beings. The thesis which was to justify states that so called ontic evil, which emerges in world of nature, understood as certain its defects, i.e. natural catastrophes like droughts, floods, earthquakes and other similar (that is this would be at last the functional evil, really speaking) has the relationship to moral (generally internal) state of human community. In this aim it was considered the problem of the first appearance of evil in the world on the philosophical background given by theory of creation — creatio ex nihilo — originated from St. Thomas Aquinas. Initially the perfection of man and the world had mainly the functional character: the existing environment should make possible the fulfillment of the natural goals of rational creatures (i.e. human persons), in a range of delivery necessary means. There should not be exceeded the natural possibilities of man if we take under attention natural abilities and strengths to create the civilization and use the techniques. In the opposite case — serious dif ficulties would lead to frustration an impossibility of achieving the natural goals of personal life, because of an excessive concentration on overcoming the varied dif ficulties in the world of nature. In this sense it is possible to accept, that actually observed above mentioned cataclysms could not have had any place because of unnecessary sufferings, pains, diseases, premature death (i.e. before reaching natural goals characteristic to the personal beings). In consequence a moral evil seems to be the only cause of disorders in the nature, as a consequence following from inappropriate acting men. In the article it was suggested that it can go beyond the usual results of external, intentional actions of humans. The influence of internal state of men, additionally multiplied by a quantity of the existing persons, could pose the essential factor influencing the environment. In the light of some contemporary theories of human being (as also the world) presentning the human organism as the bioelectromagnetic system corresponding with the environment, it seems that humans can exert on external world perceptible influence of the suchlike kind, similarly as the environment influ­ences the various conditions of human organisms.
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