Search results - CEJSH

1

THE IDENTITY OF THE ASSYRIAN DIASPORA IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (Tozsamosc diaspory asyryjskiej w Stanach Zjednoczonych)

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Wozniak M.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2009

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issue 3-4 (230-231)

205-219

EN

The subject of the article is the modern Assyrian national and social identity in the United States diaspora. The text consists of three parts. Part one presents basic definitions such as 'nation', 'nationalism' and 'identity'. It also discusses controversy over the name 'Assyrians' and other designations, i.e. Arameans, Chaldeans, Syrians, Syriacs, Suryoye. Futhermore, it shows the history of immigration of this non-Arab, Aramaic-speaking Middle Eastern minority to the USA. Part two presents the results of the online survey which was conducted in March and April 2008 among the group of 228 Assyrians living in the United States. Part three includes a critical analysis of the data presented in part two. The paper offers thesis that in the post-national era the social mobilitization of the Assyrian diaspora is based on the ongoing process of construction of national identity, in which the extensive use of the new media, especially the Internet, plays a crucial role. The Assyrian-American diaspora has a significant influence on the Assyrian centres in the Middle East; it catalyses the changes. Globalization constitutes both a chance and a threat to the Assyrian identity.

2

Několik poznámek k modlitebním knihám 18. a 19. století

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Kucharova H.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2009

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vol. 132

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issue 3-4

263-287

EN

The contribution is dedicated to the problems of the folk religious literature of Bohemia at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. The research focuses on a small sample of popular printed titles as well as several manuscripts of prayer books. In the opening part, the authoress maps the present condition of tally of folk religious manuscripts. Based on existing published catalogues, it can be stated that large collections of such a kind can be found in the regional museums and libraries. The second part of the contribution deals with interrelationship between printed books and manuscripts. A direct relation of a manuscript to the printed model seems to be less frequent than it can be deduced on the base of plentiful use of the titles of printed prayer books. The texts were usually selected either from one printed model, or from a number of resources. Taken all in all, not the printed prayer books were published without modifications for decades. The wording of texts of some authors were more stable (Martin of Kochem), while others were more conveniently adapted to requirements of potential readers (Karl Eckhart von Eckhartshausen, Gott ist die reinste Liebe).

3

Postoje k výpůjčkám v soudobé češtině

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Dickins T.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

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2008

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vol. 6

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issue 1

14-28

EN

This article uses empirical data to evaluate Czech perceptions of lexical borrowing, based on a nationwide poll conducted in November 2005 by the Public Opinion Research Centre of the Institute of Sociology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The survey combines synchronic and diachronic perspectives, and is the first major study of its kind since Tejnor, October 1970. It broadly concludes that most Czechs accept functionally necessary loanwords, but feel that their language contains a surfeit of peripheral foreign terms, which are used too frequently and somewhat inappropriately. Resistance to lexical innovation from other languages is especially strong amongst the elderly (particularly men) and the less well educated.

4

Zarzadzanie miejscami kultu religijnego w kontekscie rozwoju turystyki kulturowej

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Goral A.

Turystyka Kulturowa

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2012

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issue 1

19-34

EN

The considerations presented in the following article concentrate around the issue of the influence of tourism development on the process of preserving and passing on the spiritual values of religious cult sites with the example of chosen monuments inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The reflections were based on the analysis of the available subject matter literature combined with the study of cultural tourism management in sacral and sacred sites, mentioned above. The aim of the study - which included churches, temples and necropolises - was to understand how the development of cultural tourism influences the spiritual character of the sacred places of the World Heritage and what methods of protection are used in order to prevent them from losing their sacral dimension. Moreover, the aim of the mentioned project was to check if and how tourism stimulates the preservation and passing on of the spiritual values of sacral monuments. Based on the conclusions drawn from the collected data analysis, the author suggests the protection methods of the sacral monuments intangible character from the threat of rapid tourism development which, at the same time, ensure sustainable development of cultural tourism in those places.

5

COLLECTIVE IDENTITY OF LEBANESE MARONITES. BETWEEN THE WEST AND THE MIDLE-EAST ( Tozsamosc zbiorowa Maronitów libanskich. Miedzy Zachodem a Bliskim Wschodem)

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Moch M. B.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2009

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issue 3-4 (230-231)

220-227

EN

Conscious of a complex and ambiguous character of the concept of collective identity, the author utilizes it in reference to the Maronite community in Lebanon, which constitutes the dominating part of internally diversified Lebanese Christianity. Political, religious and financial Maronite elites played significant and often decisive role in shaping contemporary Lebanese 'imagined community' and modern nation-state in Lebanon. The situation of such a political and symbolic impact of Christians on the concept of state in the Middle East is quite unique when compared with other Arab countries. The Maronite collective identity was built on the assumption that the group is capable of functioning as a link between the West and the Middle East. The article provides examples of an interaction between Maronites' Westernized consciousness and mostly Islamic and linguistically Arabic environment, such as questions of Maronite historiography, Phoenicianism as a Mediterranean component of collective identity, conception of consensus and National Pact as main pillars of the modern independent Lebanon, etc.

6

PRODUCTIONS OF GREEK AND ROMAN DRAMA ON THE CZECH STAGE 2001-2009

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Cadkova D., Sarkissian A.

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina

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2009

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vol. 45

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issue I-II

73-102

EN

The inventory provided by this paper is related to the list of Productions of Greek and Roman Drama on the Czech Stage by Eva Stehlikova, published in Eirene 2001, and completes it adding the productions staged in the following years. Several noteworthy productions were created between 2001 and 2009, each of them forming its own conception - some stressing the poetry of the text (as e.g. Phaedra, 2006), some accentuating political message contained in the drama (as e.g. Oresteia, 2005-2006), and yet other remarkable approaches were found to staging of Classical Drama.

7

Antika v díle Josefa Kostohryze

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Putna M. C.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2009

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vol. 132

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issue 3-4

289-301

EN

Many Czech Catholic authors turn to ancient inspirations at the end of the 1960's, after twenty years of exclusion from literature (Vaclav Renc, Klement Bochorak, Vladimir Vokolek, Josef Kostohryz). The antiquity often serves as a 'neutral' visual and imaginary space that does not arouse suspicion of communist censors, but in which Christian worldviews, that cannot be expressed directly, can be projected disguisedly, and more or less enciphered. Josef Kostohryz (1907-1987) moreover originally transformed ancient inspirations at motivic and versological levels. At the motivic level, Kostohryz is concerned with the themes of fate and evil in the world. His books of poetry from the 1960's to 1980's depict the world as a scene of metaphysical drama of the powers of chaos against the powers of order. The powers of order are symbolized by female characters whose names refer predominantly to the antiquity - Parca, Ariadne, Eurydice, Muse, Medusa. The subject holds fragmentary conversations with them. Through these conversations and partly through mutual anagnorisis finally all these characters fuse in understanding that it is all about one character only - about one 'stern image', about the symbol of Fate. Parca, the foreteller of fate, occupies a central place. The motif of Parca also bears an aspect of irony regarding the poetis own literary beginnings linked to 'poEsie pure' in the spirit of Paul Valery, for whom Parca was an emblematic figure. At the versological level, Kostohryz is inspired by ancient metre. He does not accept them as ready-made models, but uses them as an inspiration for his own versological experiments with which he had started even before he turned to antiquity - when his main source of inspiration was the verse of Otokar Brezina. In Kostohryz's books of poetry one can find regular inspiration by the elegiac distich, by hexameter and in some cases by other forms (Sapphic strophe). However, Kostohryz makes his verse of hexametrical cadence shorter or longer by one or even two feet. His aim is not to imitate ancient metre, but to find a 'narrow path' between formal freedom of the avant-garde and rigidity of neoclassical poetry. His verses oscillate between the syllabical principle and the tonal principle, between the orality of Brezina's style and the ‘Antique' declamation.

8

Postcards collection

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Michalowska M.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2007

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vol. 1

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issue 2

98-121

EN

Walter Benjamin's thesis about a creative character of childhood is starting point for a text. According to Benjamin childhood can be compared to the dream. A process of growing up recalls awakening. A world that children perceive, however mysterious and unknown, process a fullness that disappears when they grown up. In philosopher's reflection childhood evoke a collection of postcards inscribed in a memory. Freud's metaphor of archaeology illustrates the mechanism of recreating memories is human mind. In this metaphor a concept of afterwardness is essential. Freud interpreted 'afterwardness' as an understanding of traumatic experience, that took place 'too early', but their presence in a consciousness came 'too late'. In the first part of text, two significant children-photographers - Jacques H. Lartigue and Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz are considered as examples of creative power and experimental attempts of childhood. Taken by children pictures of happy past leads us to the nostalgic dimension of photography. Next part is dedicated to Benjamin's idea of collecting postcards and asks a question about a possibility of recreating the past from the images. The dilemma of photographic mediation between the past and present is outlined also in the last part of text where photography becomes a method of analyzing the architectural aspects of contemporary Berlin. A notion of 'afterwardness' is especially useful here. Photographers work as archaeologists of unconsciousness: their revealing of a past reminds 'digging for memories' and its interpretation.

9

Collecta notabiliora de libro Methorum. Středověká sbírka poznámek k meteorologii z rukopisu M 8 Archivu Pražského hradu (edice a komentář)

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Kocanova B.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2009

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vol. 132

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issue 3-4

341-378

EN

The subject of this edition is a brief Latin treatise entitled Collecta notabiliora de libro Methorum, recorded in fol. 109r-115v of Ms. M 8, Prague Castle Archive (Library of Metropolitan Chapter of St. Vitus), from the first half of the 15th century. The author of the text (either the text itself or the copy) was Stephanus, the otherwise unknown headmaster of the St James School in Kutna Hora. As the analysis shows, the writing is result of a multi-layer reception of Aristotleis meteorology in Medieval education. It is a collection of excerpts from a commentary on the fourth book of the compendium Summa naturalium (a work falsely ascribed to Albertus Magnus, which in the 15th century became popular in connection with lectures at universities and town schools), with integrated annotations drawn from Albertus Magnus' commentary on Aristotle's Meteorologica and from the Latin translation of Aristotle's Meteorologica (or a commentary on it, other than that by Albertus Magnus). The more complicated the genesis of the edited text and the detection of all levels between it and Aristotleis Meteorologica are, the shorter and more simplified are the meteorological explanations. The author of the treatise gives us information on the generation and corruption of particular phenomena in the sublunar world (including comets, earthquakes etc.), based on the principle of double exhalation, the moist and the dry, dissolved from the earth by the sun. A short introduction, a commentary with references to the sources and an explicatory text are attached to the edition.

10

DOES UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE MAKE PEOPLE MORE PASSIVE? (Czy ubezpieczenie od bezrobocia czyni ludzi biernymi?)

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Virjo I.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2007

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vol. 10

111-129

EN

The (dis)incentive effects of unemployment security are often regarded as self-evident. However, there have been few studies about them at least in Finland. In this paper, a research project concerning the incentive effects of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit exhaustion is presented. If the UI benefit were to have massive disincentive effects, we should be able to observe them when studying exit from unemployment before and after benefit exhaustion. In the Finnish system, people will be moved to a usually considerably lower flat-rate benefit, if they do not re-qualify for UI during 500 working days (700 calendar days) of unemployment. We call this an 'incentive step' in the system. With detailed longitudinal register data (N=350 000) we are able to study the effects of the step also when the person exits unemployment for a while but re-enters without qualifying for a new UI period. The study includes people entering unemployment during the years 1995-98. We have been able to follow their labour market career until the end of 2002. The results show an increase in the probability to exit unemployment around the time of the incentive step, indicating that some individuals have delayed their exit from unemployment because of economic incentives. The magnitude of the effect is small, however, and we conclude that incentives are not likely to be a major issue behind prolonged unemployment in the Finnish system.

11

SOCIAL POLICY MODELS IN THEORY AND IN PRACTICE (Modele polityki spolecznej w teorii i praktyce)

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Szarfenberg R.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2009

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vol. 12

15-55

EN

Since Esping-Andersen's contribution (in Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism) there is a broad literature about welfare (state) models or regimes. The author tried to show a so-called modeling business achievements but with some deeper theoretical and empirical insights. The first concerns three functions of welfare state models: descriptive, explanative and evaluative, and each with two separate variants. The study is rooted in literature and illustrated with new exemplification. In the second one he analyzed the dynamics of models on the basis of fuzzy set methodology and its results. They allow to verify main hypotheses about changes of the welfare state i.e. frozen landscape, retrenchment, workfare or productive transformations, with a certain precision. The aim of the last part of the article is to analyze recent European Union social policy initiatives as viewed through the lenses ot he welfare models.

12

COOPERATION BETWEEN STATE AND CHURCH IN THE FIELD OF THE FAMILY RIGHTS PROTECTION. SOCIAL-ETHICAL ASPECTS (Wspolpraca panstwa i Kosciola na rzecz ochrony praw rodziny. Aspekty spoleczno-etyczne)

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Jerzy K., Adam K.

Roczniki Nauk o Rodzinie (Annals of Family Studies)

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2009

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vol. 56

56-67

EN

The present study shows social-ethical aspects of cooperation between the State and the Church for protection of the rights of the family. The analyzed issues are presented in the light of the following problems: 1. Relations between the State and the Church; 2. The right of the family of active participation in the life of the national and the Church communities. Relations between the State and the Church based on cooperation and mutual respect of the autonomy of each result in protection of the rights of the family in the democratic society.

13

Prezentacja Kairu pod katem mozliwosci rozwoju tanatoturystykii

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Grzesiak H.

Turystyka Kulturowa

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2011

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issue 11

27-42

EN

The aim of the article is to introduce readers to the issue of the possible development of thanatourism in the area of Cairo, which nowadays becomes a more and more popular form of cultural tourism. The article consists of three parts. The first one describes thanatourism as a form of travelling. In the second part the emphasis is on the presentation of the Cairo's City of the Dead, more and more frequently visited by tourists. These are two cemeteries where people have to live with ‘the dead' in tombs (all because of the poverty prevailing in this country). The author also presented other places and constructions which can become of interest to tourists seeking contact with death, such as pyramids and the Egyptian Museum. The third part of the article presents the results of the research survey.

14

Treści turystyki kulturowej w obszarze badań agroturystyki i turystyki wiejskiej w świetle polskiej literatury przedmiotu

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Cynarski W. J., Slopecki J.

Turystyka Kulturowa

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2011

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issue 10

25-34

EN

On the basis of the analysis of Polish scientific writings on agrotourism and rural tourism (selected books from the last five years), the authors asses the level of the area explication. The diagnosis includes the preferred theoretical approach, methodological positions , and subjects. Additionally, it considers the publications on cultural tourism which include references to tourism in rural areas. The research material consists mainly of four book which have the word 'agritourism' in their titles: Plichta i Sosnowski [2006], Marketing in agritourism; Sznajder i Przezbórskia [2006], Agritourism; Ciepiela i Sosnowski [2007], Agritourism - fashion or need?; Sawicki i Mazurek-Kusiak [2010], Agritourism in theory and practice. Moreover, five more books were taken into consideration which, because of the title, of the cover picture, or mainly because of their contents point at agrotourism or rural tourism. The predominant method is the analysis of the writings' contents. Additionally, the author assesses the percentage share of the elements devoted to cultural values and cultural tourism in the works on rural and agrotourism. This draft diagnosis is an attempt to indicate further research areas.

15

A NOTE ON THE SLOVENIAN ORESTEIA JUBILEE

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Inkret A. N.

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina

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2009

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vol. 45

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issue I-II

103-108

EN

Theatre performance of Aeschylus' Oresteia, directed by Mile Korun and produced in 1968 at The Slovene National Theatre Drama Ljubljana is considered to be one of the most important Slovene theatre performances. Last year, it was forty years since its production; in this brief article, we report on a monograph and a new theatre performance of the trilogy made in celebration of this jubilee.

16

Michael Foucault in front of Velazquez's painting. Between the illustrative and cognitive functions of a paiting

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Kociuba M.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2007

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vol. 1

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issue 2

42-61

EN

The article is an analysis of the essay by Michael Foucault included in 'The Order of Things'. A question is posed whether Velazquez's painting is mentiones as an illustration of well known theses which were formulated earlier on the basis of a purely linguistic discourse, or whether it rather makes a functionally indispensable fragment of a complete conceptual construction. An attempt to answer this question, undertaken in the present work, aims at determining certain general properties of condition based on a linguistic discourse and a kind of 'pictorial' cognition. The fundamental difference is that the nature of cognition which refers to the language is successive, temporal and performative (though not in the sense understood by J.L. Austin), whereas pictorial cognition is holistic, embracing a number of elements simultaneously and, as a result, is situated as if beyond time. Michael Foucault states that we see cannot be adequately expressed by what we say, yet he still takes up an effort of describing Velazquez's painting and, what is more, his description becomes the key to the whole book. Paradoxically, a linguistic analysis of a painting, previously regarded as impossible, introduces the reader into the problems of double representation. The present work proposes a thesis that, apart from the annihilation of the subject, Foucault destroys the sphere of the object as well. Paraphrasing Poper, one might say that Foucault talks about presentation without the representing subject. The disapperance of subject may be compared with implementing the Buddhist principle of non-substantiality. Foucault's epistemological considerations thus refer to a discourse which has distinct brahmanical featueres. The disappearance of the subject is accompanied by the disapperance of reality. What is left is a representation without the represented reality. Foucault uses the painting by Velazquez to illustrate its inner self-reference which reaches an absolute limit and becomes an independent reality. Foucault doesn't want to make a speech for us, but he wants to disappear in stream of the language revealing its own energy. The answer to the initial question is not unambiguous. On the one hand Foucault uses Velazquez's painting in a rather instrumental way and treats it as an illustration of some linguistic game, an illustration of an operation carried out on symbols, yet on the other hand he comes to a reflection on a double representation in whose context Velazquez's work becomes a more formal tool of analysis. The considerations upon the order of things, words and pictures presented by Foucault in 'Las Meninas' are situated in the limits of a broad conceptual horizon which marks the idea of representation. It makes the widest context and all symbolic structures, pictorial presentations or symbolic systems are closed within this horizon. Thus the opposition of words and images fades into the background and is partially blurred in the universal space of representation

17

LABOUR AND DEVELOPMENT: WHAT CAN BE LEARNT FROM THE NORDIC MODEL (Praca i rozwój: jakie lekcje mozna wyciagnac z 'modelu skandynawskiego')

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Wahl A.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2009

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vol. 12

145-165

EN

The article analyses the roots of the welfare state as a social model developed in particular historical context. It also questions the simplified concepts of the welfare state, refers to the genesis of the crisis of the Scandinavian model and presents the consequences of the neoliberal offensive - such as 'brutalistation of work' - eroding its key achievements. It recommends the labour movement to: defend the welfare state achievements, to fight against the international institutionalization of neo-liberalism, as well as for the democratization and further development of social services/institutions in joint efforts of consumers and the producers.

18

K otázce historického vědomí obyvatel České republiky

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Subrt J., Vinopal J.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

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2010

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vol. 8

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issue 1

9-20

EN

This article describes the results of an initial survey which is a part of broader project of sociological research into the historical consciousness of inhabitants of the Czech Republic. Firstly, the topic is put into the context of conceptions of historical consciousness and collective memory. This is followed by an outline of the public's interests in history and its different fields, their sources of information and self-evaluation of historical knowledge. Next the article deals with the issue of Czech national history, especially how the public evaluates different historical periods and the level of pride Czech people feel about their national history. The final section addresses the problem of the historical consciousness of citizens on a more general level; it summarizes opinions on the course of the historical process, the importance of different influences on it, and also on the role which history plays in contemporary society.

19

DO EDUCATIONAL ACTIONS IN THE FIELD OF DISEASE PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION CREATE 'NEW DEVIANTS'? (Czy dzialania edukacyjne prowadzone w ramach profilaktyki i promocji zdrowia kreuja 'nowych dewiantów'?)

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Borowiec A., Lignowska I., Makowska M.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2009

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vol. 12

169-182

EN

The authoresses present the assumption that medicalization of disease prevention and health promotion ignores these health factors which are not dependent on medicine and behaviors. They also ask a question to what extent promoting the idea of healthism, born in the 80s is assimilated in social consciousness. The authoresses discuss the roots of medicalization of health, the very concept of healthism, the role of medicine in controlling social behaviors. The question is: do new norms concerning health and health promotion produce 'new deviants'? Thus it is not the very behavior that is deviant but how it is evaluated by society in view of these norms. The aim of empirical research was to study to what extent breaking norms concerning health is rejected by society. The research proved negative attitudes towards improper behavior, though varied in reference to different types of dissents. It suggests that the emergence of new social rules regulating health-related behavior is in process.

20

Oferta turystyki plemiennej Indian Nawaho

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Lipinska I.

Turystyka Kulturowa

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2011

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issue 11

16-24

EN

Navaho are one of many Indian tribes which have survived until now. Currently it is the largest group among the native inhabitants of the USA. In the territories belonging to the tribe there are many tourist attractions which are connected with their tangible culture, religion, etc. Moreover, the territories are very diversified in terms of nature. The Indians have made use of the fact and prepared quite a substantial tourist offer. Their widely-understood tourist product does not entirely fit in the framework of ethnic tourism. Therefore, the aim of the article was establishing its place in the framework of cultural tourism, attempting to assess their tangible heritage and characterizing the chosen tourist offer.

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