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Bruno Latour's 'Anthropology of Science' in the Light of Polemics

100%
Binczyk E.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2004
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vol. 40
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issue 1(159)
3-22
EN
The article presents an original research programme of science that is contained in the actor-network theory by Bruno Latour. The origins of Latour's position can be found in the tradition of sociology of scientific knowledge, but French thinker deeply radicalizes and modifies its postulates. The principle of the symmetry of David Bloor's Strong Programme of sociology of knowledge is transformed into the principle of generalized symmetry. One of the aims of this paper is to stress, on the basis of discussions and polemics, the points of disagreement between Latour and other thinkers of sociology of scientific knowledge, like: D. Bloor, H. M. Collins, S. Yearley, and S Schaffer. The selected differences between the assumptions of Latour's 'anthropology of science', philosophy of science and traditional history of science are shown as well. It is also pointed out that Latour's programme of research can be described as one of the trends of the so-called new history of science. The paper depicts only methodological postulates of Latour's standpoint. It does not analyze in detail neither all central theses of actor-network theory and all its assumptions, nor the languages in which this theory is formulated. This subject is rather extensive and therefore it could be developed in the future studies.
2

Bruno Latour's Research Program and its Advantages in Terms of the Researches over Modern World

100%
Binczyk E.
Przegląd Kulturoznawczy
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2007
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vol. 1
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issue 3
32-42
EN
The authoress puts the following objective in her article: to show and to emphasize Bruno Latour's specificity of research perspective in the context of his 'actor-network' theory (ANT). She presents political advantages of this approach in the context of the researches over contemporary world, and also reasons of Latour rejects the sociology of knowledge program. In the next part of the paper the authoress wishes to give an outline of an image of certain area setting the methodological identity of ANT. She invokes the diagnoses of contemporary society, performed by Thomas H. Eriksen, George Ritzer and Ulrich Beck. She cites on Latour's works, and also her earlier publications from the domain of the sociology of knowledge and the anthropology of science.
3

Steven Pinker vs. Michael Tomasello in a dispute on the status of linguistic competencies

100%
Binczyk E.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2006
|
issue 6(102)
147-164
EN
Using the example of dispute on the status of linguistic competencies, being key for language researchers, the text embarks on the issue of alternative interpretations of so-called 'empirical data'. Groundlessness of a rhetoric of 'scholarliness' and 'objectivity', as can be found in Steven Pinker's texts, is indicated. Pinker has several times formulated '‘empirical arguments' testifying to innateness of a language instinct. He has referred to data from various areas, including research on cognition in babies or language acquisition. The present article aims, among others, to show that there are alternative ways of interpreting such data, which indeed can be reconciled with diverse concepts of language. An exemplary opposing concept is Michael Tomasello's approach. Reference is also made to an article by Marshall M. Haith, which explicitly points out to a risk of overinterpretation of laboratory test results concerning cognition in babies.
4

There's no such thing as society! Bruno Latour's 'our younger brothers', social studies on science and ethical involvement

100%
Binczyk E.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2007
|
issue 1/2(103/4)
144-156
EN
The present text discuses selected theses of Bruno Latour's book 'Reassembling the Social. An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory', intended as a systematic introduction to the Actor-Network Theory (ANT). ANT is an extremely philosophically innovative concept, rooted in a tradition, more than thirty years old now, of so-called social studies on science which can be defined as a current within non-classical sociology of knowledge. ANT is presented as an alternative social metatheory, or, a specific methodology. The authoress rejects a hyposthasis of (the) Society, which has been preventing social sciences from an adequate recognition of several mechanisms, particularly those characteristic to a global risk society. The essay highlights that ANT is not yet another version of a social constructivism. For the co-author of this position, it is important that it be empirical as well, and that social sciences appreciate the role of objects, things, referred to as 'our younger brothers'.
5

An Image that Captivates Us

100%
Binczyk E.
|
2006
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vol. 15
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issue 3(59)
7-25
EN
The authoress argues that the essentialist and referential mode of thought stands in the way of important efforts to develop productive analyses of the functioning of language. From this point of departure, she proceeds to show that by rejecting essentialism a researcher can find a vantage point from which many problems of contemporary society can be better understood and described.
6

Selected Problems of the Semantic Program of Donald Davidson

63%
Binczyk E., Derra A.
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2006
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vol. 15
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issue 2(58)
179-194
EN
The paper focuses on selected issues and theoretical tensions in the semantic program of Donald Davidson. The authoresses are particularly interested in analyzing the assumption of the primacy of the concept of truth in the semantic theory. But they also investigate the category of causality in Davidson's philosophy, the problem of Davidsonian objectivism, the status of empirical references, the ambiguity of normalistic of the Principle of Charity, uncertainties surrounding the rejection of the third dogma of empiricism. They highlight the nominalistic consequences and the behaviourist import of Davidson's philosophy.
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