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SKARBY ZIEMI WYDARTE. GÓRNY ŚLĄSK I POGRANICZE Red. Eugeniusz Tomczak, Wyd. Śląskie Centrum Dziedzictwa Kulturowego w Katowicach, Katowice 2005

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Krajewska M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2006

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issue 2

115-119

EN

The album 'Skarby ziemi wydarte. Gorny Slask i pogranicze' (Treasures Extracted from the Earth. Upper Silesia and the Borderland), was published in 2005 by the Silesian Centre of Cultural Heritage in Katowice. It is the outcome of editorial cooperation supervised by Eugeniusz Tomczak and involving scientific institutes, museums, cultural institutions, and the collector Roman Czarnecki. A presentation of archaeological monuments and objects discovered in the present-day voivodeships of Silesia and Opole. The well-devised and logical arrangement. of the book starts with an Introduction by Jerzy Piekalski, in four versions: Polish, English, German and Czech, with the author discussing the fundamental concepts and most essential issues of archaeology. He also outlined the history of Silesia, emphasising the fact that this is a region of the permeation and stratification of assorted cultures. Finally, the reader is informed that the content of the album was based on the scientific accomplishments of Silesian archaeologists. The basic part of the album is composed of photographs of archaeological objects and monuments, accompanied by a scientific commentary which contains: a name, a description, dates, cultural affiliation and, in justified cases - the objective, remarks about the technology of execution, the history of extraction, together with the name of the researcher, and a brief depiction of the archaeological site, analogies, and place of storage. The photographs, together with a commentary and the name of the locality from which the monuments and object originate, have been arranged chronologically from the Palaeolithic Age to the Renaissance (sixteenth century). The lavish and high-quality illustrations has been selected extremely carefully, and the publishing house has guaranteed a superior poligraphic standard. The only shortcoming appears to be the absence of a scale in the presentation of the monuments, which makes it impossible to visually determine their size (the actual dimensions are listed in the commentaries). The publication has been outfitted with a selective bibliography. It also contains a map with marked localities in which the monuments presented in the album had been discovered, as well as their index with complete administrative data.

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Archeologiczne Muzeum Erazma Majewskiego w Warszawie

100%

Krajewska M.

Światowit

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2012

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vol. Tom IX (L), fasc. B

19-49

EN

The museum which exclusively gathered archaeological finds from all periods in the Polish lands as well as comparative materials from Europe, was founded in Warszawa at the beginning of the 20th c. by Erazm Majewski (1858-1922), an industrialist, a representative of Warszawa positivism, an intellectualist with manifold interests, an editor and a writer. Apart from his assistants and co-operators, also young researchers with interest in archaeology gathered around E. Majewski and later on they became his disciples. Marian Himner, Stefan Krukowski, Leon Kozłowski and Ludwik Sawicki commenced their field and desk-based scholarly work under his supervision, making use of his knowledge, contacts, library, funds and an opportunity to publish their works. An especially favourable role in the history ofthis Museum was played by the wife of its founder - Lucyna Majewska nee Bieńkowska (1871-1953). E. Majewski is to be counted among the group of prominent Polish museum experts. He perfectly organised and furnished his own museum. He set up and kept the inventory book; he considered an inventory record as a register, without which a find would lose is scholarly value. He undertook three attempts at preparing and publishing a guide to the exhibition of his Museum. he set up collections of scholarly reference books which accompanied the museum collection. These books had their own catalogues, a stamp and an exlibris, which was also used to mark museum finds. E. Majewski organised a conservation laboratory of archaeological finds, where he made use of the then known ways to secure finds which were discovered in the ground, as well as recipes for agents which were necessary to glue and conserve them. he gathered an abun-dant photographic archive; he saw photographs as source material which documented conservation and reconstruc¬tion processes and research works. In 1899 he started to publish the “Światowit” journal, which was from the very beginning closely related to the collections and was the organ of the Erazm Majewski Museum (Muzeum Erazma Majewskiego - MEM). “Światowit” published reports from the activities and development of the Museum, registers of finds and views of museum interiors. E. Majewski’s fascination with archaeology and collecting of archaeological finds commenced in the early 1890s. In a short time he gathered a large collection of finds. It was from the very beginning that E. Majewski pro¬ceeded with them as a true museum professional: he inventoried, conserved and stored them in a way which matched standards of those days. Furthermore, he made them available not only to scholars, but also to the wider public. Initially, the collection was gathered and exhibited in the home of its owner at ul. Złota 61. Since 1905 E. Majewski started strenuous attempts at acquiring a separate premise. It became extremely inconvenient to hold the collection in his private home, bearing in mind that it counted more than 16,000 finds and was still growing. A consent to house the exhibition was given by Juliusz Herman, the President of the Society for the Encourage¬ment of Fine Arts (Towarzystwo Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych). On 27 September 1908 the MEM was ceremonially opened in the edifice of the Society at Plac Małachowskiego 3 (now ul. Królewska 17). At that time the edifice was called the Palace of Art and now - Zachęta. The exhibition was keenly visited and assessed in a very positive manner, especially in the archaeological milieu. The still growing collection exceeded the number of30,000 finds. Efforts to acquire a larger museum premise resulted in a consent to use 6 halls in the building of the National Museum at ul. Podwale 15 and in March 1916 E. Majewski decided to move there the exhibition from the Palace of Art. As it turned out later, it was an ill-considered decision. Although the museum was organised with great expenditures and in a very careful manner, it was never opened for visitors. E. Majewski made a mistake as he transferred the collections and invested in furnishing of the interiors without a fixed legal relation with the National Museum, a signed venue agreement and an approved budget. In April 1920 the halls in the edifice of the National Museum which were occupied by the MEM were given at the disposal of the Army Museum. E. Majewski received an immediate enforcement requisition writ to vacate them. Practically, it meant an eviction of the collections. He desperately searched for assistance and support from the supreme authorities of the state and in the scholarly milieu. He made appeals to military authorities and carried out a press campaign. All these activities prevented the eviction, but did not cause a withdrawal ofthe decision to leave the building at ul. Podwale 15. E. Majewski made unsuccessful attempts at trans¬ferring the collections under the care of the Government, later on to the emerging Museum of the State Group of Conservators of Prehistoric Monuments, and then as a donation to the Catholic University of Lublin. Eventually, the collection was taken over by the Warsaw Scientific Society (Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie - TNW) and its Board gave post-Orthodox church halls at the disposal ofthe MEM. These halls, located in the third floor of the Staszic Palace at ul. Nowy Świat 72, required a general overhaul. The act of donation was signed on 3 June 1921. Since then, the MEM was called the Erazm Majewski Prehistoric Museum of the Warsaw Scientific Society (Muzeum Przedhistoryczne im. Erazma Majewskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego - MPEM). The lack of appropriate funds caused shifts in the date of completion of adaptation of the halls. E. Majewski did not live to see the opening of the exhibition at the Staszic Palace - he died on 14 November 1922. The Museum’s direction was taken by Włodzimierz Antoniewicz. The more than 10 years long overhaul came to an end and on 25 November 1932 Ignacy Mościcki the then President of the Republic of Poland ceremonially opened the Museum. During the Nazi occupation the collections of the MPEM were transported to a storage room in the National Museum, where the collections of the State Archaeological Museum were also kept. This way both collections were joint and since then the MPEM ceased to exist as an independent institution. This fact was sanctioned on 21 December 1948, during a meeting with participation of Ludwik Sawicki, the then Director of the State Archaeological Museum, Kazimierz Michałowski, the Curator of the Department of Ancient Art in the National Museum and Wacław Sierpiński, the President of the Warsaw Scientific Society.

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Erazm Majewski i archeologia w Towarzystwie Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości

100%

Krajewska M.

Światowit

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2009-2010

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vol. Tom VIII (XLIX), fasc. B

13-25

EN

In the collection of the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw there is documentation which contains information about the process of origin and the first years of activity of the Society for the Protection of Monuments of the Past. It also informs about the role of one of its founder members - Erazm Majewski. He began the cooperation in November 1905. He consulted the outline of the “Act,” which defined aims and tasks of the organisation which was coming into existence. He also invented its name - Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości (TOnZP) - “The Society for the Protection of Monuments of the Past”. Due to the organisatorial talent, entrepreneurship, scientific authority and considerable financial resources of E. Majewski, he was registered on the list of founder members in September 1906. In March 1907 he was elected for one of the vice-presidents of the Board of the Society. Meetings soon began to take place once a month and E. Majewski often presided over them. He actively joined the process of formation of structures of the Society and the accomplishment of its tasks. He inventoried a precious book collection from Łohojsk, which was granted to the Society by the Tyszkiewicz family and which contained more than 2000 volumes. He visited archaeological sites which were being discovered in the neighbourhood of Warsaw. He also enforced a project of foundation of an autonomous Museum at the TonZP. The share of E. Majewski in subsidising the activity of the Society and financially supporting its numerous initiatives was considerable. Already in November 1906 he hosted the Society by assigning one of the rooms in his house in ul. Złota 61 for the Society’s seat. He declared 15 000 roubles for the purchase or construction of the own seat of the TonZP. He granted 25 roubles for photographic plates for the Inventory Lab which was brought into existence. It prepared and stored photographic documentation. E. Majewski personally participated in negotiations with Wiktor Gomulicki concerning the acquisition of his unique collection of Varsaviana for the Society and granted 100 roubles for this purpose. After the death of the President of the TonZP Adam Count Krasiński, E. Majewski was elected for the President of the Society in 1910. However, he did not accept this function. His decision was mostly influenced by his steadily deteriorating state of health and the fact that he devoted too much time, forces and energy to his scientific and social activity, to managing his own Archaeological Museum and to his professional work, by which he made his living. His resignation from intensive work in the TonZP did not mean, however, a complete breach of contacts. Both the fate of the Society and events related to its activities were of vivid interest to E. Majewski. When in March 1911 a decision was made to purchase the house of the Baryczkas in Rynek Starego Miasta 32 in Warsaw, he granted the previously declared enormous sum of 15 000 roubles for this purpose. As the main donor he was invited for the solemn opening of the new premises on 5 June 1912. The opening was inaugurated by a sumptuous exhibition of “Polish miniatures, fabrics and embroideries.” In the following years he eagerly participated in opening ceremonies of subsequent exhibitions. The vestibule of the Baryczkas house became in 1914-1916 the place of deposit of the largest relic in the collection of the Museum of Erazm Majewski, i.e., a 9 m longdugout canoe. E. Majewski died on 14 November 1922. At a special meeting of the TonZP it was decided to fund a commemorative plaque in his honour and in recognition of his merits.

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Maria Butrymówna - "Zamiłowana w archeologii" badaczka cemtarzysk na Litwie i jej kontakty z Erazmem Majewskim

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Krajewska M.

Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

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2019

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issue 1 (303)

25-56

EN

Maria Butrymówna was born on February 26, 1875 in Jodkan. Her father was Nicodemus Butrym of the Topór family, and her mother Teresa de domo Wiszniewska of the Prussians from Żybortan. She was interested in ethnography: she wrote down Lithuanian songs and prose which she then published in ethnographic journals. However, her true passion was archaeology: discovering and exploring archaeological sites. As an amateur, however, she needed consultation and advice, especially concerning excavation methodology. At the end of the 19th century, E. Majewski was the authority in archeology and he became her adviser. M. Butrymówna and E. Majewski corresponded with each other (the correspondence kept in PMA covers the years 1899-1902), and they also knew each other personally. E. Majewski published M. Butrymówna’s ethnographic notes in the pages of „Wisła” and the results of her archaeological research in „Światowit”. Archaeological finds acquired by M. Butrymówna during the course of her own research or in the form of donations resulted in a collection. Part of the collection was handed over to the Erazm Majewski Museum and the rest to the Museum of the Society of Friends of the Sciences in Vilnius.

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SKARBY ZIEMI WYDARTE. GÓRNY ŚLĄSK I POGRANICZE Red. Eugeniusz Tomczak, Wyd. Śląskie Centrum Dziedzictwa Kulturowego w Katowicach, Katowice 2005

Archeologiczne Muzeum Erazma Majewskiego w Warszawie

Erazm Majewski i archeologia w Towarzystwie Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości

Maria Butrymówna - "Zamiłowana w archeologii" badaczka cemtarzysk na Litwie i jej kontakty z Erazmem Majewskim