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JEWISH MERCHANTS, CRAFTSMEN AND LESSEES IN OZARÓW IN 19TH CENTURY (Kupcy, rzemieslnicy i arendarze zydowscy w Ozarowie w XIX wieku)

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Szylar A.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
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2010
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issue 2(234)
217-228
EN
Ozarów was founded in 1569 roku as Józef Ozarowski's private town surrounded by forests. Already in the early days of its existence, Jews were settling in the town, their number growing with every passing decade. In the mid-19th century they already accounted for 67% of all inhabitants. Throughout the period in question the Jews displayed significant economic activity, in the 17th and 18th centuries they organized long-distance and local commerce, engaged in usury, rented mills, took leases of alcohol distilling and sale rights, took over real property from Catholics for unrepaid loans. Like in other towns, Ozarów had a division of farming and crafts activities into those practiced by Catholics and those done by the Jews. The areas wholly dominated by the Jews in the 19th century included commerce, clothing and accessories (tailoring, hat-making, fur-making), leather (tanning), with regard to food it was bakery and slaughterhouses, and also cabinetmaking. The areas of production where Catholics were active next to Jews included the production and sales of vodka, grain milling, carpentry, production of parquet flooring blocks and wooden roofing tiles, coopery and pottery. On the other hand, no Ozarów Jews engaged in such trades as smithery, locksmithery, sawmills, saddlery, or wheelwrights, nor did they engage in farming. Due to the Jews' economic activity in the 19th century, Ozarów did not become a typical township of an agricultural nature and it eliminated the neighbouring towns from the local market, but that did not protect it from losing its town charter.
2
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Wychowanie i kształcenie dziewcząt w szkołach klasztornych w Krakowie w XVII i XVIII wieku

100%
Szylar A.
Nasza Przeszłość. Studia z dziejów Kościoła i kultury katolickiej w Polsce
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2012
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vol. 117
105-135
3
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Wykaz zawartości jednostki archiwalnej Akta zakonne sióstr Norbertanek w Busku 1786–1831

100%
Szylar A.
Hereditas Monasteriorium
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2014
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vol. 5
163-189
EN
The Diocesan Archive in Kielce owns archival records of male and female religious congregations. Among numerous fonds there is a collection entitled General curial files, which contains a cardboard-bound archival unit (poszyt) Monastery records of Premonstratensian Nuns in Busko 1786–1831, comprising 271 pages written predominantly in Polish. It groups documents concerning the affairs of the Busko-based Premonstratensian (Norbertine) Nuns. Since the nuns were under the bishop’s obedience, all the affairs with the lay and ecclesiastical authorities were dealt with exclusively via the diocesan authority. For this reason, the outgoing and incoming original documents and copies were stored at the episcopal office. Only four letters included in the present cardboard-bound unit were drafted in 1799. Although the title of the collection indicates the year 1786 as the starting point, the author has not been able to find any record dating back to that time. A numerous group of documents is the one originated in the times of the Kielce diocese (1805–1818); it comprises 74 items. The remaining 137 letters date back to 1819–1831, including 133 drafted before 1825, and only four following that date. Among 217 letters and documents 11 were written in Latin; the remaining ones – in Polish. These records offer an insight into the internal life of the monastery, its affairs and problems which the nuns had to face. The questions addressed cover the financial and property issues, the elective selection of prioresses, enrollment to the novitiate, permission for the sisters to travel, the information on the staffing of the convent, as well as on the deaths of the sisters, and the matters regarding neophytes. Of particular value are the documents concerning the dissolution of the convent of Premonstratensian Nuns in Busko, including various inventories, the information on the estates, income, the equipment of the church, and the fire of the suppressed monastery, as well as the sisters’ removal to the former Pauline monastery in Pińczów. Although all these materials constitute an extraordinarily valuable source for the study on the history of the Busko-based Premonstratensian Nuns, there are no plans to publish them at the moment.
4
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Manet i narodziny podmiotu

100%
Szylar A.
Stan Rzeczy
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2015
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issue 1(8)
138-161
PL
Twórczość Edouarda Maneta była przedmiotem licznych analiz zarówno na gruncie socjologii, jak i filozofii czy historii sztuki. Podkreśla się w nich rolę, jaką Manet odegrał w procesie autonomizacji pola artystycznego, wskazując jednocześnie na niespotykaną na tle ówczesnej sztuki zdolność artykulacji doświadczenia rodzącej się nowoczesności. Do najszerzej znanych socjologicznych interpretacji twórczości francuskiego impresjonisty należą publikacje Pierre’a Bourdieu, który szeroko donosi się do kwestii jakich, jak relacja pomiędzy „heretykami” a instytucją sztuki akademickiej, zużycie się efektu dzieł konsekrowanych czy instytucjonalizacja anomii. W tym kontekście rzadko zwraca się jednak uwagę na zagadnienia, jakie przy okazji dyskusji na temat rewolucji Maneta porusza Michel Foucault. Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie trzech kluczowych kwestii, jakie pojawiają się w socjologicznej analizie twórczości Maneta dokonanej na przełomie lat 1966-1971 przez Foucaulta. Po pierwsze będzie to operowanie fizycznymi właściwościami obrazu (płótno, rozmiar, kształt, relacja dzieła sztuki z przestrzenią wystawienniczą), po drugie wykorzystanie oświetlenia (od oświetlenia wykreowanego za pomocą warsztatu malarskiego do oświetlenia naturalnego) i po trzecie - co najważniejsze – podjęta zostanie refleksja na temat nowej relacji, jaka rodzi się w tamtym czasie pomiędzy dziełem sztuki a odbiorcą. Autorka podejmuje w artykule zarówno kwestie przemian, jakim w drugiej połowie XIX wieku ulega ludzka percepcja jak i uwikłania samej sztuki w relacje władzy, a więc aktywnego aktora zmiany społecznej.
EN
The painting of Édouard Manet has often been analyzed by art historians, philosophers and sociologists. What mainly stays in the scope of that analysis is Manet’s role in autonomization of the art field, his ability to portray the experience of blossoming modernity and his groundbreaking ability to depict XIXth century social relations. The most recognized analysis of Manet’s heritage is the one of Pierre Bourdieu. The sociologist raises questions such as relation between „heretics” and academic art, the process of destabilizing the power of consecrated art or finally the process of institutionalization of autonomy. At the same time, Michel Foucault’s view on Manet’s revolution is barely recognized. The aim of this article is to follow three main issues which appear in Foucault’s research on Manet undertaken between 1966–1968 in Tunis. First of all it is playing with the physical properties of the painting (canvas, size, shape, relation between the art work and the exhibition space). Second of all it is the way of using light (starting from the natural lighting to the lighting created by the painter). What is most important, the question of yet emerging relation between the viewer and the XIXth century art work will be undertaken. On the one hand the author discusses the changes in humans’ perception of that time. On the other hand she elaborates the problem of involving art in disciplinary processes. In that context the article also tries to reflect on possible ways of analyzing issues such as power or discipline.
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