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PL
Mapping – nowoczesny sposób iluminowania obiektów architektonicznych fascynuje licznych odbiorców. Powszechnie stosowany model percepcji wzrokowej, model Müllera, z 1834 roku, jest prosty i łatwy do zrozumienia ale niestety nie wystarcza do wyjaśnienia tego fenomenu. Modele bardziej zaawansowane, uzupełnione o teorię Umweltu Uexkülla daja satysfakcjonujące wyjaśnienie. W naszym Umwelcie nie występują wielkogabarytowe, szybkozmienne zjawiska, a jeśli się pojawią, zwiastują zagrożenie. Umysł obserwatora mappingu, jest poddany huśtawce emocjonalnej i z tego powodu przekaz perswazyjny, kierowany do podświadomości, nie jest krytycznie analizowany przez kore mózgową. Stąd mapping wydaje się świetnym medium do reklamy perswazyjnej, kierowanej do umysłu nieświadomego.
EN
Mapping − a modern art of architectural illumination is fascinated for many observers. Widely used model of visual perception (Müllers model, from 1834), seems to be very simple and easy to understand, but unfortunately is not enough to explain this phenomenon. More advanced models, supplemented by the theory of Umwelt (by Uexküll) give a satisfactory explanation. In our Umwelt there are no large-scale, rapidly changing phenomena, and if they occur, they herald a threat. The mind of mapping's observer, is in the state of emotional swing and therefore persuasive message, goes directly to the subconscious mind, and it is not critically analyzed by the cerebral cortex. Hence the mapping seems to be a perfect medium for persuasive advertising, addressed to the unconscious mind.
EN
The goal of the paper was to verify the stability of Taylor rule parameters. The empirical analysis was performed for Poland; using 1996-2016 monthly data. More specifically, we verify two hyphotheses: (1) the behaviour of interest rate can be described using Taylor rule; (2) the Taylor rule with parameters subject to Markov switching performs better than the one with constant parameters. We take a system approach, where a Taylor rule is a part of small scale DSGE model. The bayesian inference is used to estimate the model and compare the specifications. The results indicate that models with switching parameters are better in terms of marginal data density. The best model is based on forward looking Taylor rule, where the parameters expressing the magnitude of the reaction to inflation and output gap were subject to Markov switching, while interest rate smoothing was constant. The identified regime switching can be interpreted as not responsing for inflation below the tar-get (opportunistic disinflation declared for 2001-2002 by Polish monetary authorities) or not responding to inflation driven mostly by EU accression (2004-2005) or increased VAT (2004-2005, 2011).
EN
We investigate the short-term dynamics of the Polish economy by means of a small-scale DSGE model with stochastic menu costs. We compare macroeconomic evidence of price rigidity in a model with the state-dependent Phillips curve to a benchmark model with conventional time-dependent price stickiness. With a moderate 2.3% upper boundary on menu costs the estimated state-dependent pricing model for Poland indicates a median duration of prices about 14 months, whereas the same measure of price stickiness in the time-dependent pricing model is 3 months shorter. The result from the state-dependent pricing model estimated from macro data is closer to, both, micro-price evidence, and surveys on frequency of price changes in Poland. The difference is explained by a selection effect being present in the model with state-dependent price stickiness, only. It yields more intense and impact price adjustment after a monetary policy shock.
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