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  1. 3 Gloger M.

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1

POSITIVISM: BETWEEN MODERNITY AND MODERNISM

100%
Gloger M.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 98
|
issue 1
5-19
EN
Positivism is an epoch and a cultural phenomenon vastly important to understand the socio-cultural modernity and the origin of Polish artistic modernism. Positivist thinking is involved into Enlightenment dialectics - a socio-psychological mechanism described by M. Horkheimer and Th. W. Adorno in their 'Dialectics of Enlightenment' (Dialektik der Aufklärung, 1947). This mechanism, penetrating the modern mentality, leads to the formation of artistic modernism in Europe. The dialectics of Polish positivism (variously treated by Teodor Jeske-Choinski, Zygmunt Szweykowski, and Henryk Markiewicz), analogous to dialectics of Enlightenment, leads to instrumental treatment of reason, reification of a man, and wasting of all sense. Thus, modernism constitute different artistic and ideological reactions to the crisis of positivist rationalism, such as decadence, worship of art, symbolism, utopia, interest in primitive cultures, nationalism, conservatism. The reactions in question appear also in writing and in the thought of the representatives of Polish positivism.
2

Boleslaw Prus and Emanuel Swedenborg

100%
Gloger M.
Ruch Literacki
|
2005
|
vol. 46
|
issue 4-5
369-382
EN
This article explores the question of influence of Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772), a recondite theologian and philosopher whose writings continued to attract attention well into the nineteenth century, on the worldview and fiction of Boleslaw Prus (1845-1912). We know that he had Swedenborg's magnum opus 'On Heaven and Hell' (1758) in his library; its influence can be traced beyond any doubt in his short story 'The Dream' (1890) and the novel 'The Emancipationists' (1894). Also his unpublished philosophical and aesthetic notes, especially from the period 1900-1912, betray a perceptible influence of Swedenborgian ideas. Prus's reflections, which he wrote down systematically for a very long time, address some of the key metaphysical issues, ie. the psychic and physiological aspects of man's nature, the question of universal patterns of correspondence and the related idea of man as microcosm (homo maximus).
3

SIENKIEWICZ AND TOCQUEVILLE: A STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ'S SOCIAL ANO POLITICAL VIEWS

100%
Gloger M.
Ruch Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 1(280)
13-29
EN
This article traces the evolution of Henryk Sienkiewicz's social and political views in the last quarter of the 19th century. It appears that Sienkiewicz's early commitment to the Polish brand of positivism (ie. pragmatic 'organic work') and some radical liberal ideas wilted in the years 1878-1882, when he became attracted to the political thought of Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859). The imprint of Tocqueville's ideas can be detected not only in Sienkiewicz's journalism but also in his debut play 'Going All-In' (1881) and his two 'contemporary' novels 'Without Dogma' (1891) and 'Vortex' (1909). Ultimately Sienkiewicz settled down for a modern conservatism, broad enough to accommodate some liberal and positivist ideas. And, like Tocqueville, Sienkiewicz was an aristocratic liberal.
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