Results found: 2

Search results

Sort By:

Limit search:

DESERTING THE HABSBURG ARMS FOR THE WHITE EAGLE. A STUDY OF THE ATTITUDES OF ETHNIC POLES IN THE OFFICER AND CADET CORPS OF THE AUSTRIAN ARMY DURING THE NAPOLEONIC WARS

100%

Baczkowski M.

Studia Historyczne

2004

vol. 47

issue 1(185)

20-33

In the last quarter of the 18th century and during the Napoleonic Wars the Austrian army had at least 400 officers and about 80 cadets of Polish nationality. They came almost exclusively from noble families in the southern parts of Poland which had been incorporated into the Austrian Empire. In 1806-1807, after the creation of Polish units under Napoleon and then the formation of an armed force of the Duchy of Warsaw, some of the serving officers and cadets resigned their commissions to join the new Polish military. A fresh wave of resignations followed in 1809-1810, after Austria's loss of Western Galicia. In all, the army of the Duchy of Warsaw attracted about 50 former Austrian officers and cadets. Three of them became generals, the rest were offered middle and lower-rank positions in the corps. Their decisions to join the Polish army were prompted partly by a revival of Polish patriotism and pressures exerted by the Polish public opinion, partly by hopes of speedy promotion. The officers who had begun their career under the Habsburg arms seemed to have been attracted most by the cavalry regiments formed in 1809; they also played a major role in the army of the Duchy of Warsaw during the campaigns of 1812 and 1813. Their contribution should not, however, obscure the fact that the majority of ethnic Poles in the Austrian officer corps did not respond to the call from Warsaw and remained loyal to the Habsburg monarchy.

Representation of World War I in the Polish Illustrated News Magazines of 1914

100%

Baczkowski M.

Studia Historyczne

2005

vol. 48

issue 1

45-60

The article attempts to assess the coverage of the first months of the war in the Polish illustrated news magazines published in those parts of Poland that had been incorporated into the Russian and Austrian empires. Polish magazines on either side of the border were subjected to censorship and had neither their own war correspondents nor journalists specializing in military themes. The majority of the illustrations and serious analyses were reprints from foreign, chiefly British, press. The war reports were dominated by sensational pictures and articles which showed the exploits of airmen in their propeller-driven aeroplanes, and to a lesser extent other spectacular inventions such as submarines or armoured cars. The few representations of actual battle scenes came almost exclusively from the Western front. A large number of the illustrations showed scenes of destruction caused by military operations on Polish soil. Classical propaganda materials in the form of articles, cartoons, or satirical pieces were very rare. The war coverage in the Polish illustrated magazines was selective and rather incoherent. The reader was shown almost exclusively battle scenes from the Belgian and French fronts and fed with a vision of hostilities in which the role of modern military technology was vastly overemphasized. At the same time he did not get any authoritative commentaries or analyses of the current military situation or the war in general: the Polish magazines were clearly unprepared for this type of coverage.

Refine search results

2 Studia Historyczne

1 2005

1 2004

2 Baczkowski M.

Search results

DESERTING THE HABSBURG ARMS FOR THE WHITE EAGLE. A STUDY OF THE ATTITUDES OF ETHNIC POLES IN THE OFFICER AND CADET CORPS OF THE AUSTRIAN ARMY DURING THE NAPOLEONIC WARS

Representation of World War I in the Polish Illustrated News Magazines of 1914