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Rozwój poznawczo-społeczny dziecka w świetle oczekiwań interpersonalnych rodziców i nauczycieli

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Trusz S.
Psychologia Rozwojowa
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2011
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vol. 16
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issue 2
PL
Cognitive and social development in the light of parents’ and teachers’ interpersonal expectancyThe quality of the cognitive and social development of a child, and, in consequence, their education process, are determined in a significant way by inaccurate expectations, i.e. too low or too high expectations on the part of the parents and/or teachers. This phenomenon is especially observable among children whose alleged handicap in the domain of cognitive and/or social functioning, propelled by the expected cognitive, emotional and behavioral limitations, could, by means of the self-fulfilling prophecy mechanism, transform into a real handicap. Analyzing the relation between false expectations and children’s performance, researchers have proven that even a small-sized effect, in the order of r = 2, usually observed in research on the expectation phenomenon, results in an increase or decrease in the dynamics of cognitive and social development among 10% different-expectancy children. In the article there are discussed the results of classic and contemporary research on the impact of different expectancies on children’s developmental achievement and mechanisms which serve to explain the above mentioned relations.
2
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Czy badacze jakościowi wiedzą co widzą, a osoby badane wiedzą co mówią? O jakości danych jakościowych

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Trusz S.
Studia Edukacyjne
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2020
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issue 56
199-219
EN
Trusz Sławomir, Czy badacze jakościowi wiedzą co widzą, a osoby badane wiedzą co mówią? O jakości danych jakościowych [Do Qualitative Researchers Know what They See and do the Subjects Know what They Say? On the Quality of Qualitative Data]. Studia Edukacyjne nr 56, 2020, Poznań 2020, pp. 199-219. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 1233-6688. DOI: 10.14746/se.2020.56.11 Empirical data collected through qualitative methods may be more or less reliable and valid. The paper describes cognitive and social factors affecting credibility of information obtained by means of non-standardized observation and interview. The aforementioned issue was illustrated by the results of investigation on the change blindness and false memories phenomena. Finally, the procedures for improving the quality of qualitative data and, consequently, the reasonableness of conclusions regarding the analyzed social phenomena were discussed.
3
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O znaczeniu badań ilościowo-jakościowych w edukacji. Próba łączenia wody z ogniem…

100%
Trusz S.
Studia Edukacyjne
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2017
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issue 44
93-104
EN
Trusz Sławomir, O znaczeniu badań ilościowo-jakościowych w edukacji1. Próba łączenia wody z ogniem… [The Meaning of Mixed Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Education. An Attempt to Combine Fire and Water]. Studia Edukacyjne nr 44, 2017, Poznań 2017, pp. 93-104. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 1233-6688. DOI: 10.14746/se.2017.44.6 Social research, including educational studies, could be conducted in accordance with ontological and epistemological assumptions of quantitative vs. qualitative research orientations. When such a distinction is present, the same phenomena are analyzed and presented in a significantly different and often mutually excluding way. Is such an approach justified? It seems it is not. Based on the precedence of a research subject over the method, it could be said that a more comprehensive picture of the phenomena analyzed emerges when researchers make use of methods accepted in both quantitative and qualitative research orientations. The article presents theoretical assumptions and interesting practical solutions of a mixed approach (a mixed methodology) in social research. On the one hand, solutions and methods recommended for the quantitative research can be useful for studies conducted in accordance with the assumptions of qualitative orientation, and on the other hand, solutions and methods recommended for the qualitative research may be useful for the studies conducted in accordance with the assumptions of quantitative orientation. Both approaches have been illustrated by particular examples of research practi
PL
Trusz Sławomir, O znaczeniu badań ilościowo-jakościowych w edukacji1. Próba łączenia wody z ogniem… [The Meaning of Mixed Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Education. An Attempt to Combine Fire and Water]. Studia Edukacyjne nr 44, 2017, Poznań 2017, pp. 93-104. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 1233-6688. DOI: 10.14746/se.2017.44.6 Social research, including educational studies, could be conducted in accordance with ontological and epistemological assumptions of quantitative vs. qualitative research orientations. When such a distinction is present, the same phenomena are analyzed and presented in a significantly different and often mutually excluding way. Is such an approach justified? It seems it is not. Based on the precedence of a research subject over the method, it could be said that a more comprehensive picture of the phenomena analyzed emerges when researchers make use of methods accepted in both quantitative and qualitative research orientations. The article presents theoretical assumptions and interesting practical solutions of a mixed approach (a mixed methodology) in social research. On the one hand, solutions and methods recommended for the quantitative research can be useful for studies conducted in accordance with the assumptions of qualitative orientation, and on the other hand, solutions and methods recommended for the qualitative research may be useful for the studies conducted in accordance with the assumptions of quantitative orientation. Both approaches have been illustrated by particular examples of research practices.
4
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Linguistic sources of stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination against circular migrants' children

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Trusz S.
Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny
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2020
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vol. 39
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issue 2
EN
The article presents the results of 4 experiments testing linguistically induced processes of stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination of circular migrants’ children (so-called „euroorphans”). Using the semantic supraliminal priming procedure the schemata of „euroorphan”, „orphan”, „euro” and „child” (control condition) werearoused, and then the subjects were asked to complete experimental task. Participants from „euroorphan” and „orphan” condition (a) were more inclined to associate ambiguous material (fingerprints) with the low intelligence of their alleged owners (exp. 1), (b) more/less accurately identified the expression of sadness/happiness emotions presented in the photos of children’s faces (exp. 2) and (c) were less patient, interrupting the investigator's activity faster(exp. 3) than subjects from „child” as well as „euro” and „orphan” conditions, taken together. The obtained results were summarized in two meta-analyses. The average effect size of „euroorphan” label ranged from d-Cohen = 0.608 to 1.614.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki 3 eksperymentów testujących językowo wzbudzane procesy stereotypizacji, uprzedzeń i dyskryminacji dzieci cyrkularnych migrantów (tzw. eurosierot). Korzystając z procedury torowania nadprogowego semantycznego, wśród uczestników wzbudzano schematy: „eurosieroty”, „sieroty”, „euro” i „dziecka” (warunek kontrolny), a następnie proszono ich o rozwiązanie zadania właściwego. Osoby korzystające z terminu „eurosierota” i „sierota”: (a) chętniej wiązały niejednoznaczny materiał (odciski palców) z niską inteligencją ich rzekomych właścicieli (eksp. 1), (b) trafniej/mniej trafnie rozpoznawały ekspresje emocji smutku/radości na fotografiach twarzy dzieci (eksp. 2) i (c) były mniej cierpliwe, szybciej przerywając wykonywaną przez badacza czynność niż uczestnicy z warunków: „dziecko” oraz „euro” i „sierota”, traktowanych łącznie. Uzyskane wyniki podsumowano w dwóch metaanalizach. Średnia wielkość efektu etykiety „eurosierota” wahała się od d-Cohena = 0,608 do 1,614.
5
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Eksperyment jednopodmiotowy – charakterystyka metody i jej zastosowanie w naukach o edukacji

100%
Trusz S.
Studia Edukacyjne
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2021
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issue 61
27-60
EN
A single-subject experiment, also known as quantitative case study or n = 1 research design, is an extraordinary but rarely used research method when it comes to education. This method combines precision of experiment with depth of qualitative analyses carried out on the basis of data obtained from a single subject under standardized observation. The paper presents formal characteristics, hypo[1]thesis verification conditions as well as strengths and weaknesses of the five single-subject experiment schemas, i.e.: (1) AB design, (2) reversal design ABAB, (3) multiple baseline design, (4) alternating treatment design, and (5) changing criterion design. Furthermore, graphic and non-graphic methods of testing hypotheses on causal relations between independent and outcome variables appropriate for the single-subject experiment are discussed.
6

Czy nauczyciele myślą źle o eurosierotach? Stereotypy iuprzedzenia nauczycieli wobec dzieci sezonowych migrantów

100%
Trusz S.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
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2016
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vol. 8(44)
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issue 2
67-103
PL
Pojęcie „eurosieroctwo” (i/lub „eurosierota”) pełni funkcję negatywnej etykiety, wpływając niekorzystnie na szereg procesów społeczno-psychologicznych. W klasie szkolnej indywidualna skaza „eurosieroctwa” może wzbudzać u nauczycieli uprzedzenia i skłaniać ich do stereotypowego spostrzegania tej grupy dzieci. Przedstawione założenia przetestowano, prosząc nauczycieli szkół podstawowych i gimnazjów (n = 812) o wskazanie cech kojarzących się z typowym „eurosierotą” (dziewczynką vs chłopcem, w młodszym vs starszym wieku), a następnie o oszacowanie właściwości „eurosierot” dotyczących pięciu dziedzin funkcjonowania ludzi: poznawczej, społecznej, emocjonalnej, zadaniowej i wyglądu zewnętrznego. Analizy frekwencyjne przymiotników służących do opisu czterech kategorii „eurosierot” oraz analizy czynnikowe ujawniły, że „eurosieroctwo” jest głównie kojarzone z niekorzystnymi cechami, które można wiązać z zaburzeniami eksternalizującymi i internalizującymi u dzieci, a stereotypowy obraz „eurosieroty” jest różnicowany przez zmienne płci i wieku wyobrażonego dziecka. Uzyskane wyniki przedyskutowano w świetle teorii poznawczego koneksjonizmu, piętna i społecznego konstruktywizmu.
EN
The term euroorphanhood (and/or euroorphan) acts as a negative label and affects a range of social and psychological processes. Within a school class individuals who are attributed the stigma of euroorphanhood may become a target of teacher's prejudice and can be perceived in stereotypical way. These assumptions have been investigated by asking the teachers of elementary and middle schools (n = 812) to point those features that can be attributed to a typical euroorphan (girl vs. boy, younger vs. older), and then to estimate the euroorphans' attributes in terms of the five domains of human activity: cognitive, social, emotional, task-oriented, and appearance. Frequency analysis of the adjectives used to depict each of the four categories of euroorphans, and factor analysis revealed that the euroorphanhood is associated mainly with unfavorable features that can be connected to externalizing and internalizing disorders, and that the stereotypical image of the euroorphan varies significantly according to gender and age of the depicted child. The results have been discussed by reference to the cognitive connectionism, the stigma and the social constructivism theories.
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