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Transporty Polaków do KL Auschwitz z Kalisza 2 maja 1941 roku i z Łodzi 14 maja 1942 roku

100%
Piętka B.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
|
2012
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vol. 34
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issue 4
111-152
EN
Deportations of Poles to concentration camps — because of their activities in the resistance movement, violations of the Nazi occupation laws, or as a result of retaliatory repression of the Ger­man occupiers — were an important element of German occupation policy aimed at depolonizing the territories incorporated into the Reich. Transports to KL Auschwitz from Kalisz on the 2nd of May 1941 and from Łódź on the 14th May of 1942 were the result of retaliatory repression against Poles in the Wartheland. Their aim was not only to take revenge for the attacks on the German police and to terrorize the Polish society, but above all they were a precise blow to the local elites capable of organizing resistance to the occupation. Theses repressions were part of the extermination cam­paign and should therefore be considered a continuation of the operation „political cleansing of the land” (politische Flurbereinigung) carried out on the Polish territory annexed to the Reich in the autumn of 1939. Out of 204 Poles deported to Auschwitz from Kalisz on the 2nd of May 1941 at least 153 were killed in the camp, and out of 298 Poles deported from Łódź on the 14th of May 1942 — at least 222. The deportees from Kalisz included representatives of the local elite — civil servants, teachers, members of the clergy — as well as representatives of other parts of society — mainly farmers. The transport from Łódź — called „transport of the military” due to the fact that the arrests included, among others, former reserve officers and NCOs — included representatives of many intellectual professions, including a large group of teachers. The arrests, which resulted in the deportation of this transport to KL Auschwitz, were conducted in 10 districts covering one-third of the Wartheland and they constituted the second part of the repression campaign. The first was the largest public execution carried out during the German occupation in the Wartheland, during which 100 Poles were shot dead on the 20th of March 1942 in Zgierz. The transports discussed here were the largest, but not the only deportations of Poles from the Wartheland to KL Auschwitz, which were carried out in the framework of retaliatory repression. These deportations are an example of the ruthlessness of the Nazi occupation policy against the Poles in the Wartheland.
2
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Więźniowie z różowym trójkątem w KL Auschwitz

100%
Piętka B.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2014
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issue 2(351)
199-228
EN
The article discusses the issue of prisoners detained in KL Auschwitz for homosexuality under Paragraph 175 of the Criminal Code of the German Reich. The aim of the article is, however, not analysis of the problem of the occurrence of homosexuality among prisoners detained in the camp, which is a separate research topic. Prisoners incarcerated in KL Auschwitz under Paragraph 175 of the German Criminal Code were – in comparison to other German concentration camps – only a small percentage of prisoners. This is probably due to the fact that under Paragraph 175 Germans and persons with the citizenship of the Reich were imprisoned in concentration camps. The peripheral location of Auschwitz may also have impacted on the small number of prisoners with a pink triangle. Based on partly preserved archival documentation of the former KL Auschwitz, data of at least 77 prisoners of this category were established. The specificity of the source base (a scarcity of documents and the testimonies of other prisoners, including a complete lack of testimonies by prisoners of Paragraph 175) meant that in the existing literature on the subject in relation to KL Auschwitz, attention was paid mainly to the problem of homosexuality among criminal prisoners and not to the problem of the prisoners detained under Paragraph 175. Absence of more extensive sources accounts for merely an overall presentation of the issue of prisoners with a pink triangle in KL Auschwitz in the article. First of all, a comparative analysis with other German concentration camps was performed, but a social cross-section of this category of prisoners in KL Auschwitz and their fates in the camp, including mortality are also presented.
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