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EN
In the period of formation of modern nations, celebrations of a political character served as media and formative instruments for collective or national historical memory. This study is directed towards specific celebrations – for the centenaries of three Hungarian statesmen: Lajos Kossuth (1902), István Széchenyi (1891) and Ferenc Deák (1903). It looks at the places of memory in two or three different ethno-linguistic micro-spaces, and in the public space of the counties of Zvolen (Banská Bystrica, Zvolen), Novohrad (Lučenec) and Gemer-Malohont (Rimavská Sobota). By reconstructing their ritual symbolic aspect and the associated attitudes, ideas and values, it uncovers the aim of such undertakings and the functions and forms of historical memory.
DE
Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Problematik der Betrachtung von Ľudovít Štúr im Rahmen der ungarischen (d. h. magyarischen) Geschichtsschreibung in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Über drei wesentliche historische Werke vom Historiker und Publizist Lajos Steier, in denen sich er der Geschichte der slowakischen Frage mit Bezug auf die Revolutionsjahre 1848/49 widmete, beobachtet und erfasst man die Stabilität oder vice versa Variabilität Štúr´s Repräsentationen – eines wichtigen Ideologen der slowakischen nationalen Identität. Durch Analyse seiner Publikationen – Slowakische Frage (1912), Tschechen und Slowaken (1919), Slowakische ethnische Frage in 1848 – 1849 (1937) – achtet man nicht nur auf die Interpretation von Ľ. Štúr, seiner Person, Charaktereigenschaften oder Politik, sondern auch auf den zeitgemäßen Kontext (politischen, geopolitischen, ideologischen), der die Steier´s Auslegung der slowakischen nationalen Emanzipationsbewegung und ihrer Führer aus den 30er und 40er Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts beeinflusste.
EN
The ruling class of Hungarians and people affected by Magyarization seized the Hungarian urban public space from the last third of the 19th to the early 20th century. It was a result of the official hungarian policy of Magyarization. The national holidays, anniversaries and commemorative days were celebrated in the intentions of that policy and ideology of the Hungarian nation state. In relation to the non-Magyars they reflected the superiority of the Hungarian-Magyar historical memory and simultaneously they were deleting other national memories (also Slovak one). This fact affected the possibility of forming the national identities of the non-Magyar nations. On the example of the March 15th celebrations this study shows how the residents of the Upper Hungary towns reflected one of the most intensely celebrated commemorative days in the Hungarian Kingdom. This approach is derived from our earlier research, which was focused on the March celebrations in towns of Banská Bystrica and Zvolen. In present study our focus has moved into the northern towns of the Liptov county: Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš and Ružomberok. In contrast to towns of the Zvolen county the Slovak-speaking population in Ružomberok and Liptovský Mikuláš maintain its superiority even to the eve of the World War I. We also focus on the manifestations of the state (Hungarian) and ethno-national identities (Slovak, Magyar) in the frame of ongoing March celebrations, as well as on the representation of Slovaks which have spread via the ritual-symbolic channels of these celebrations.
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