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Rousseauův "sarmatský" moment

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Květina J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 4
655-675
EN
The study pursues a contextual interpretation of Rousseau’s last political work, Considerations on the Government of Poland, whose conclusions are either neglected in regards to the author’s general reflection on society or are contrasted with his previous works. The main point of this article is to show the indivisibility of Rousseau’s understanding of the specifics of the Polish milieu from his general political theory, towards which, in particular, a parallel analysis of the Polish aristocratic myth and Rousseau’s republicanism also serves. It is precisely the comprehension of the political discourse of the Polish nobility during the 17th and 18th centuries that makes it possible to understand Rousseau’s Considerations not only as a political reflection on a commonwealth in which the Geneva Enlightenment saw the ideals of a lost ancient heritage, but also as part of a long-standing debate in the framework of Polish political thought, in whose context it is possible in Rousseau’s theory to identify the considerable influence of the so-called republican “sarmatism” of the Polish aristocracy.
CS
Studie usiluje o kontextualistickou interpretaci Rousseauova posledního politického spisu Úvahy o polské vládě a o její zamýšlené reformě, jehož závěry bývají v autorově celkové reflexi společnosti buď opomíjeny, anebo stavěny s jeho předchozími díly do kontrastu. Hlavním záměrem tohoto článku je poukázat na neoddělitelnost Rousseauova chápání specifik polského prostředí od jeho obecné politické teorie, k čemuž slouží zejména paralelní analýza polského šlechtického mýtu a Rousseauova republikanismu. Právě porozumění politickému diskurzu polské šlechty v 17. a 18. století totiž umožňuje pochopit Rousseauovy Úvahy nikoli jen jako politickou reflexi společenství, v němž ženevský osvícenec spatřoval ideály ztraceného antického dědictví, nýbrž jako součást dlouho trvající debaty v rámci polského politického myšlení, v jehož kontextu je v Rousseauově teorii možné identifikovat značný vliv tzv. republikánského sarmatismu polské aristokracie.
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Politický dialog Łukasze Opalińského jako odraz ambivalentní tradice polského republikanismu

100%
Květina J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2017
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vol. 115
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issue 4
1017-1045
EN
By the analysis of the particular political dialogue Rozmowa Plebana z Ziemianinem written by Łukasz Opaliński in the 17th century, this study aims to interpret the early modern concept of Polish identity within the framework of ancient tradition of a good commonwealth. Moreover, paying particular attention to the values of liberty, equality and legality, one is allowed to assume that the aforementioned Polish tradition resembles the attributes of European republicanism that were typical of distinctive Western European political thought of that time. Applying the methods of discourse analysis, it is possible to identify important and specific changes concerning Opaliński´s concept of a dialogue in comparison with an older Polish tradition of the same genre. Hence, one can claim that Opaliński´s fictional figures does not represent a typical clash between desirable and undesirable political ideas, but are supposed to reflect symbolic internal and indispensable ambivalence within the concept of Polish identity regarding specific interpretation of liberty, political equality and common good.
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