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1

Karol Irzykowski's 'Sny Marii Dunin' as a testimony to a modern experience

100%
Franczak J.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2006
|
issue 3(99)
118-134
EN
The author attempts at interpreting Karol Irzykowski's short story 'Sny Marii Dunin' as a testimony to a modern experience. Both the motif of the unusual illness suffered by the main character, consisting in a reversal of the order of dream and reality, and the motif of the Grand Bell Guild, i.e., 'the vowers of the ideal', indirectly express the dilemmas of modernist thought. The hidden order of things, as symbolised by the Buried Bell, is removed from the sphere of experience which thereby gains the nature of unmotivated casualness. The conviction that there exists another, more realistic, dimension of the world is connected with the discovery of conventionality and 'contractuality' of what we take as real. Irzykowski, very much like other modernists (and, like the Guild members), are in search of an 'ideal', whilst at the same time doubting whether it exists at all; the only thing remaining of essence is the very movement of thought in search of the borders of cognition and borders of art. The mainstream modernist works tend to distance themselves from non-intermediated experience as well as from avant-garde strivings for purifying the perception from cultural influences. They describe the process of dislocation of the sphere of meanings and the world, and investigate into the limitations of discourse, bringing their own artificiality and indirectness to the forefront. Well-developed critical mechanisms render unreal what is conventionally realistic, whilst also taking the signs of authenticity away from any reality found. 'Sny Marii Dunin' reflects this quest for source chaos and the parallel discovering of its illusiveness - the regression into the infinite, being the essence of a modernist(ic) thought.
2

'The Broken Cont(r)act': George Steiner's Idea of Modernism

100%
Franczak J.
Ruch Literacki
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2005
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vol. 46
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issue 1(268)
57-67
EN
This article is an expanded commentary on George Steiner's 'The Broken Contract', an essay which explores the modernist crisis of the logocentric order. Steiner traces its origins to Rimbaud's 'split subject', Mallarmés's negation of linguistic reference and the writings of Nietzsche. Modernism, also known as a the Age of the epi-Logue, reveals itself as a radicalization of the nihilist, attitudes of those precursors. Meanwhile both philosophical and literary 'reality quests' blot out the sphere of meaning in pursuit of more archaic senses. From the anthropological perspective, Steiner's broken contract is a conceptualization of conventionalized cultural patterns. Steiner's suggested resolution, ie. hermeneutics, diffuses the antagonism between the ages of Logos and EpiLogue and reduces the dramatic vision of a hiatus between the world and the word to the practice of reading signs, which are inseparable from fiction.
3

Schulz - Classical and (Post)modern

100%
Franczak J.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
issue 2(17)
319-337
EN
The paper is an attempt at a reconstruction of the philosophy of Bruno Schulz. Its basis is the modern experience of the disintegration of a stable vision of the world of the degradation of beliefs and authorities. Schulz, despite what the majority of comments say, expresses not only the fear of getting lost in the labyrinth of the Universe, but also a fascination with what is chaotic and without convention, inhuman and inexpressible. His key idea of making the world sensible with the use of myth is just a convenient concept, a tool for the examination of culture's limits. His inquiries, searching for a hidden rule, prove abortive. Schulz looks for an unambiguous Sense in the world, yet he finds its absence. He wants to reach the truth of Logos, nevertheless he finds himself imprisoned in the mumble of countless stories. The roots of Schulz's thought reach back, as they say, to the philosophies of Bergson and Nietzsche, to phenomenology, and to Cassirer and Jung. The very particular document of his hesitations is a text known as 'Walks of a skeptic through the rubble of culture', an essay devoted to Aldous Huxley. In this essay, Schulz expresses approval for the chaos, says a melancholic 'yes' said to the world subjected to multiple relativisms. The rubble is a metaphor of the world destroyed by the modernist doubt. The lonely wanderer turns into an indifferent passer-by. Instead of reconstructing the totality (of glorious monuments), he plays with fragments (its pieces). Instead of looking for an absolute meaning, he makes absurd collages. The vision of the rubble of culture determines also Schulz's thinking about literature. It is impossible to build a classical unity (its disintegration is decisive/definitive), as it is impossible to create something absolutely new (we still use and consult ancient works). The author of 'The Sanatorium under the Sign of the Hourglass', like other modernists, tries to find his place between the tradition and the literary experiment.
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