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EN
The so-called ontological turn, drawing largely on Viveiros de Castro´s notion of Amazonian perspectivism, has attracted considerable attention in contemporary anthropology. The proponents of ontological relativism were indeed submitted to strong criticism focusing, among other things, on the questions of obscurity, solipsism or meta-ontology. In the theoretical section of the study, I present selected themes of this approach, its merits, but also its difficulties that I try to overcome by means of present-day phenomenological anthropology. The key question - in which are the examined otherness and its apprehending grounded? - I attempt to answer through the concepts of the everyday experience and the lifeworld. In the empirical section of the study, I illustrate the theory with the ethnography of Maya perception of crosses, mountains and caves, which are considered to be living and acting beings.
EN
This study situates the phenomenon of intercultural religious encounters in a globalization perspective. It presents them as a struggle of indigenous groups to carve out their own cultural space in the global scheme, as an effort to indigenize modernity and spirituality. By means of a discursive analysis of a particular Maya lecture held in the Czech Republic, the author traces the gradual formation and constitution of a global spiritual discourse that arises through the following factors: the continuous connecting, merging or gluing together of diverse religious elements; the universalization of rhetoric and the emphasizing of native roots; and the likening and delimiting of the self to the dominant Euro-American culture. The aim is to show that this is a deeply ambiguous process that entails both continuity and discontinuity, convergence and divergence, but also – and perhaps most importantly - equivocation; that it is a dynamic process of translation in which much is lost, but in which something is also found.
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