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Polskie głuchy i głupi a łacińskie absurdus ‘absurdalny’ – głos w dyskusji

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2012
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issue 1(13)
127-132
EN
This author makes some remarks concerning a study by E. Rudnicka (2011), esp. the problem of the morphological structure of Latin absurdus ‘absurd’ vs. surdus ‘deaf’ and the semantic proportion between ‘deaf’ and ‘stupid’. The problem doubtless deserves a closer investigation, considering the fact that it occurs in some non-Slavonic languages, too, as well as that the semantic evolution has produced also some other meanings like Middle High German top ‘mad, rabid’ ~ English dumb, or, in non-IE languages: Tuvinian düley ‘deaf’ ~ Tofalar düley ‘calm, quiet’ ~ Chagatay düley ‘stupid’ = Middle Turkic tülek ‘blind’.
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Bernhard Jülg, Cracow and the von Der Gabelentz family

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2014
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vol. 131
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issue 3
PL
A comparison of two books (GG; JG), newly published by the Harrassowitz Verlag and concerning history of Oriental (mostly Kalmuck and Chinese) linguistic studies in 19th century Europe is presented in this article, along with an analysis of some information on Bernhard Jülg’s studies and scholarly plans during his stay in Cracow.
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How to combine bark, fibula, and chasm (if one speaks Proto-Turkic)?

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2010
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vol. 127
PL
Numerous Tukic words with only partially coinciding meanings (cf. the title and the first paragraph of the article) are traced back to very similar or even identical Proto-Turkic stems in ÈSTJa, and for most of the stems two or even three phonetic variants are suggested. In this article an attempt at finding possibly clear reconstructs is made.
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Miechowita’s knowledge of East European languages (mainly Hungarian, Lithuanian and Tatar) based on his Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis (1517)

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2015
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vol. 130
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issue 4
PL
Very few people know that a possibility of reconstructing protolanguages or protoforms was probably first suggested as early as in the 16th century by Miechowita while discussing the origin of the name of Hungarians and that of Yugra. Miechowita’s “Treatise on the two Sarmatias” was once an extremely important source of knowledge of the geography and history of East Europe. Although much was written on its significance in correcting more or less unlikely information concerning these subjects his linguistic material was actually ignored. The aim of this study is to examine what was known about East European languages in the early sixteenth century.
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WIELE HAŁASU O KARALUCHA (NIEM. SCHWABE I ROS. ПРУСАК, ТАРАКАН) ‒ STUDIUM Z ETYMOLOGII I MOTYWACJI SEMANTYCZNEJ

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Stachowski M.
Przegląd Rusycystyczny
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2018
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issue 2
PL
Much ink has been spilled on the sources and history of various names for various species of cockroach. The present author discusses some of them and his main aim is to clear up at least some aspects of what has hitherto been suggested in studies concerning Russian tarakan.
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Polskie baśka, rosyjskie башкá, ukraińskie бáшкá ‘głowa’ i ich etymologia w słowniku Maxa Vasmera

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Stachowski M.
Przegląd Rusycystyczny
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2018
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issue 2
PL
The three colloquial words for ‘head’ adduced in the title of this paper are of Turkic origin, cf. Tkc. baš ’head’. However, this author contests Max Vasmer’s opinion that the Russian word was borrowed from the Turkic dative form (baš.ka) with the meaning ‘per unit, each; pro Stück’. Moreover, it is suggested that the Ukrainian reflex continues, as a matter of fact, two words.
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David L. Gold’s English, Jewish and other etymologies

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Stachowski M.
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
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2013
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vol. 18
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issue 4
167-195
EN
Thirty-one etymological studies published in a new volume by David L. Gold are discussed in this article. A general characteristics of David L. Gold’s etymological work and methodology is given at the end of the study.
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Język węgierski wśród języków karpackich

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2007
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vol. 124
PL
Mimo wielowiekowego sąsiedztwa z kilkoma innym językami w Łuku Karpackim język węgierski nie oddziałał na swych sąsiadów pod względem strukturalnym. Niezaprzeczalnie natomiast wpłynął na kształt ich słownictwa, przy czym wpływy te nie zawsze dadzą się sprowadzić do prostego dwustronnego zapożyczania wyrazów. Najciekawszą grupą są te wyrazy, które treści karpackie otrzymały już poza językiem węgierskim. Brak oddziaływania na struktury gramatyczne czyni język węgierski w stosunku do innych języków regionu podobnym pod względem pełnionej ongiś roli do języka osmańsko-tureckiego na Bałkanach. Parafrazując termin zaproponowany przez H. W. Schallera dla oddania relacji turecko-bałkańskich, uznaje się w końcowej części artykułu za rzecz przydatną nazywanie języka węgierskiego nie "językiem karpackim", lecz "językiem Karpat".
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On the consonant adaptation of Arabic (and some Persian) loan-words in an Ottoman Turkish dictionary by Arcangelo Carradori (1650)

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2015
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vol. 129
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issue 4
PL
In this study an analysis of the phonetic adaptation of Arabic and Persian loan-words in Ottoman Turkish is continued (for the vocalic part of the analysis see Stachowski M. [forthcoming]). Five phenomena are presented in the context of the general Turkic phonetic evolution. These are: [a] palatalization of (-)kE- > (-)čE-; [b] varying anlaut nasality: m- > b- and b- > m-; [c] despirantization of f > p; [d] epenthetic n; [e] shortening of geminates.
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Skąd poszły strulki i hancle?

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2012
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issue 1(13)
133-137
EN
David L. Gold (2009: 578sq.) is right when he supposes that s(h)trulkes, a Yiddish name of a certain children’s game, is a reflex of a Polish name such as *sztrulki ~ *strulki. Indeed, both those Polish forms exist and thus do not need to be asterisked. Several other Polish variants exist too, such as sztulki and sztule, as does an entirely different Polish name of this game, hacele ~ hacle ~ hancle. The present author shows that both strulki and hacle originally designated a kind of ‘horseshoe stud or screw’ used in the game (in the course of time the screws were replaced mostly by small stones). In both cases, the name of the game is formally a plural noun (thus meaning ‘studs, screws’) < sing. *s(z)trulka ~ *s(z)trulek ~ *sztula ~ sztul and hacel, respectively. Whereas hacel seems to come from Polish ocel ‘horseshoe stud’ < Czech ocel (or, maybe, rather < Slovak < Hungarian < Czech) ‘steel’ (<< Latin), the word *s(z)trulka presumably derives from Polish sztul ~ *sztula, which either reflects German Stolle(n) ‘horseshoe stud’ or is a blend of that German word and German Stuhl ‘girder, support; underlayment, bottom layer’ (lit. ‘chair’) (DWG).
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Teoria ałtajska

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2012
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issue 2(14)
239-263
EN
The much discussed Altaic Theory is presented concisely in this article, starting from the work of Strahlenberg and Ramstedt. This author distinguishes – apart from Strahlenberg’s first, partially naïve observations – three evolutionary phases: (1) the dawn and progress of Altaistic studies: from the beginning of the 20th century till 1962 [Clauson’s opposition]; (2) the prevalence of anti-Altaicists: 1963–2003 [death of Doerfer – the last oppositionist who viewed his struggle against the Altaic Theory as one of the most important tasks in his career]; (3) an “Altaistic vacuum” – there are virtually no active anti-Altaicists fighting against pro-Altaistic views, nor active pro-Altaicists to be fought.
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EUROLINGUISTICS – WHAT IT IS AND WHAT IT SHOULD NOT BE

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2014
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vol. 131
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issue 4
PL
The present study is composed of two parts. In Part 1, the definition, as well as the actual and the desired profile of Eurolinguistic studies are discussed, and a strict differentiation between cultural and linguistic aspects is postulated. In Part 2 some suggestions of this author are made, concerning the future methodology and topics of Eurolinguistic research.
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The Ukrainian stat't'a ‘article' between an adaptation and Russification

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2009
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vol. 126
PL
Out of the two forms of genitive plural of the Ukrainian noun stat't'a ‘article', namely stattej and statej, the former has been assumed to be purely Ukrainian, whereas the latter a Russified one. The paper attempts to demonstrate that the relationship is not necessarily as simple, moreover, that such an interpretation does not altogether answer the question of why only the form of genitive plural, and why of this very word, would have become the object of a stronger Russification.
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Jak się ma jasiek do Jaśka, a zośka do Zośki?

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2011
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issue 2(12)
103-110
XX
Two Polish substantives, viz. jasiek ‘1. small pillow or cushion; 2. biol. a sort of white bean’ and zośka ‘a sort of footbag (a street game [circle kick] played with a shuttlecock or a bag)’ are mostly, if ever, explained as eponyms coming from diminutive forms of personal names: Jasiek (masc.) ‘Johnny’ and Zośka (femin.) ‘Sophie’. However, no semantic explanation for this usage has ever been suggested. In this article, jasiek ‘small pillow…’ is interpreted as a morphologically adapted Turkic word, whereas jasiek ‘bean’ results from the semantic evolution of jasiek ‘pillow’. The word zośka ‘footbag; circle kick’ is also an adapted loan word, but one of ultimately Mongolic origin and transferred into Polish via Russian dialects.
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Liberman and Levickij: Towards comparative etymological lexicography of English and Germanic

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Stachowski M.
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
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2011
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vol. 16
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issue 1
189-199
EN
Two important etymological dictionaries (one of English and one of the Germanic languages) and a bibliography of English etymology appeared in recent years. The aim of this article is to critically present and compare them, as well as to formulate a conclusion concerning the best possible future form of an etymological dictionary.
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Uwagi o jarmułce

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2013
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issue 1(15)
119-124
EN
Polish jarmułka ‘Jewish skullcap’ is generally considered to be an old Turkish loanword. In Bohdan A. Struminsky’s 1987 article this etymology is contested and replaced with a Latin one. However, Struminsky failed to present convincing arguments against the Turkish origin of the Polish word and his Latin explanation does not seem absolutely perfect either. This article critically examines Struminsky’s study and provides specific arguments against the Turkish trail. The etymology and the evolution of both the guise and the meanings of Polish jarmułka appear to be more complicated than previously thought; thus, the present article should be looked on as picking up an interrupted discussion and, in addition, an invitation to reexamination of the Latin etymology and the semantic aspects of all explanations suggested so far.
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Zapożyczenia arabskie w językach jenisejskich XVIII wieku a problem lig językowych na Syberii

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2006
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vol. 123
PL
Niniejsze studium jest kontynuacją pracy rozpoczętej w Stachowski [im Druck]. Mimo że nieliczne, zapożyczenia perskie i arabskie w językach jenisejskich XVIII w. są jednak bardzo istotne dla poznania dziejów kontaktów leksykalnych na Syberii, gdyż narody jenisejskie nie miały nigdy bliższych związków z narodami muzułmańskimi, toteż słownictwo z języka arabskiego i perskiego mogło do nich dotrzeć tylko za pośrednictwem innych narodów. Jeśli analiza językoznawcza pozwoli ustalić, które drogi przenikania tych słów są realne, pozwoli to jednocześnie ocenić także realność istnienia proponowanych do tej pory (choć zwykle bez przedstawienia bliżej przeanalizowanych dowodów) lig językowych bądź wspólnot komunikatywnych w dziejach języków Syberii. Obserwacje materiału wyrazowego przedstawione w obu tych pracach w dużej mierze się pokrywają: (1) Wyrazów arabskich jest w języku tuwińskim i tofałarskim więcej niż perskich; (2) Wśród wyrazów tak arabskich jak i perskich nie ma ani jednego, który by występował tylko na prawym brzegu Jeniseju (tuw. i tof.), ale nie na lewym; (3) Tylko jeden spośród wyrazów perskich (nan ‘chleb') dotarł do języków jenisejskich od północy, tj. poprzez języki uralskie; wśród zapożyczeń arabskich nie ma takiego przypadku; (4) Tzw. "Liga Górnojenisejska" (Helimski 2003: 158) obejmuje język kamasyński, matorski, szorski i chakaski; badany tu materiał – podobnie jak materiał perski – nie dostarczył żadnych poświadczeń, że mogłyby do niej, jak sądzono, należeć również tuwiński i tofałarski; (5) Podobnie ani wyrazy arabskie ani perskie nie dają podstaw uznania istnienia tzw. "(?) Ligi Jenisejskiej", którą Helimski (2003: 161) słusznie opatrzył znakiem zapytania.
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Remarks on the investigation of the oldest layer of Turkic loan-words in Hungarian

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Stachowski M.
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
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2014
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vol. 19
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issue 4
PL
Those who are interested in the investigation of the oldest Turkic loan-words intoHungarian have known for a couple of years about the research on this topic conducted inSzeged. It has resulted in a two-volume edition which will certainly inspire many scholarsfrom now onwards. In the present article a handful of remarks and suggestions is presentedthat were noted down while reading the “new Gombocz”.
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Tadeusz Kowalski a sprawa jego niedoszłego wyjazdu na Uniwersytet Stambulski

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2010
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issue 1(9)
149-168
EN
Some time after having come back from the concentration camp of Sachsenhausen to Kraków, Ta-deusz Kowalski (1889–1948), founder of Oriental Studies in Poland, was offered a chair at Istanbul University. The present author’s aim is: (1) to show that the only report on this event (Lazer 1994) is contradicted by archive materials, (2) to reconstruct the possibly most reliable course of events and their chronological order, as well as (3) to find the true reason why T. Kowalski eventually resigned from coming to Istanbul, even if all formalities were settled, and the relocation guaranteed his and his family’s safety.
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Polskie dunder

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2011
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issue 1(11)
205-211
EN
The Polish word dunder (earlier also: donder) is only used as a part of the expression niech cię/go/ją dunder świśnie! ‘damn you!, to hell with you/him/her!’, lit. ‘let a thunder strike you/him/her’ (in somewhat older Polish, a phrase like u dondra ‘damn!, (what) the devil!, (what) the hell!’, too, is attested). The only etymology of this word one can find today is that given by A. Brückner in his etymological dictionary (1927): < Germ. Donner ‘thunder’. However, Brückner was satisfied with a blank formulation “nd in lieu of nn” which does not actually explain reasons and the mechanism of change. The aim of this article is to show that it was not a High German word but, instead, the Low German or/and Dutch word donder ~ dunder ‘thunder’ that was borrowed into Polish and used in the expressions mentioned above.
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