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EN
The goal of this article is to comment on the fragments of Aleksander Pieńkowski’s autobiography concerning his stay in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Pieńkowski, a shopkeeper in a Polish village, was one of the Polish citizens in areas of Poland annexed by the Soviets after 17 September 1939, who were arrested, investigated, tortured by KGB and deported in 1940 to labour camps in northern Russia. After the amnesty for the Polish deportees in 1941, he was allowed to leave his labour camp in Pechora and go to Uzbekistan to be recruited into the Polish Army. Since the southern Soviet Republics of the USSR were not prepared to deal with the great waves of Poles and Polish Jews arriving in Central Asia, he spent some time at various railway stations in Uzbekistan and was sent to southern Kazakhstan where he worked in a co-operative farm, but mostly served local Kazakhs, before he could finally cross the Soviet-Iranian border in 1942.
PL
Recenzja książki "Podróże nieodkryte. Dziennik ekspedycji Bronisława Grąbczewskiego,1889-1890" autorstwa Warzyńca Popiel-Machnickiego, Adama Pleskaczyńskiego i Konstancji Pleskaczyńskiej.
EN
The paper presents some thoughts on the present-day life of the Kazak stockbreeders who still migrate in Mongolia's westernmost province, Bayan Ölgiy. Some basic features of their life and professional activities are typical of nomadic patterns, but many aspects of life in yurt have changed with the progress in modern technology. Children of nomadic stockbreeders all go to schools and they stay in the steppes with their parents only in the time of summer vacation and holidays. Car has become a normal means of migratory transportation and camel is rarely used for that. In winter, some people stay in permanent flat-roofed stone houses at the foot of mountains. The methods of stockbreeding are traditional. The livestock grazes in the open air throughout the year and only some winter quarters have fences and sheds. The paper also presents the most up-to-date general information on the Kazaks in Mongolia.
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