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Ideje klasického Pražského lingvistického kroužku jsou i dnes aktuální

100%
Sgall P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 1-2
33-44
EN
Ideas concerning several areas are still fruitful: (1) The concept of markedness as underlying the difference between the centre of the language system, patterned in a relatively simple way, and its vast and complex periphery. (2) Dependency (valency) based syntax, tested in detail and enriched in the Prague Dependency Treebank. (3) The description of the topic-focus articulation, connected with the scope of negation, presupposition and allegation; the fundamental nature of the articulation and a relatively perspicuous description of its interplay with syntactic dependency within the underlying sentence structure. (4) In linguistic typology, a single basic structural property of every type: the manner of expression of grammatical values is favourable to the other properties. (5) The stratification of Czech as a national language, with colloquial speech exhibiting an oscillation of forms of the 'literary' norm and of Common Czech. This attitude is only slowly finding its way into school education. (6) In the field of word formation, attention is focused on the transition zone towards morphemics. (7) In the study of the process of communication, the degrees of activation in the stock of shared knowledge are especially significant.
2
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Valence jako jádro jazykového systému

100%
Sgall P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2006
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vol. 67
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issue 3
163-178
EN
Valency of lexical units (i.e. the sets of their obligatory and optional dependents) constitutes the main link between lexicon and grammar. As handled up to now by J. Panevova and others in the Functional Generative Description, valency provides a very good starting point for the testing of this approach in the Prague Dependency Treebank. The morphemic and especially syntactic annotation of large segments of free texts confirm that this description has essentially been formulated adequately. Even so, certain issues of valency deserve further discussion. This article partly summarizes earlier research in the Charles University Theoretical and Computational Linguistics group and adds new results. It aims to document how issues concerning a hierarchy of the types of dependency relations, the orientation of these relations, the usefulness of recognizing a third class of dependents 'between' arguments and adjuncts, etc., can be handled in useful ways using this background.
3
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K diskusi o standardní a „spisovné“ češtině

51%
Cermak F., Sgall P., Vybiral P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2006
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vol. 67
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issue 4
267-282
EN
Admitting that certain mistakes in their paper (Cermak, Sgall and Vybiral 2005) have to be corrected, the authors claim that one of the main issues relevant to the present discussion concerns the difference between a book and a short paper which necessarily includes quotations from other writings; these should not be ignored, and the results of the research conducted up until now should be reflected. The present paper then argues that some of the old arguments are still valid and that the concept of a standard and its variants is to be understood taking into account a transitional zone between the standard and everyday spoken usage. The older traditions of prescriptive linguistics still have not been overcome by functional approaches, especially in school education.
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