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Spektrometr Zantedeschiego-Porra – najstarszy zachowany dwuramienny przyrząd do obserwacji widma liniowego

100%
Rodzeń J.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2016
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vol. 61
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issue 4
145–163
EN
Until today, in the world collections of historic scientific devices only three complete spectroscopic apparatuses have survived. They were used for line spectrum observation and they date from before 1860, i.e. before Bunsen’s and Kirchhoff’s spectrochemical analysis was aknowledged. The subject of this article concerns inventory item No 348/10383 kept in the Museum of the History of Physics at the Padua University. With probability that equals certainty, the item was identified as spectrometer (spettrometro), constructed in the years 1852-1855 by Porr for Zantedeschi and his physical office at the Padua University. The identification was made on the basis of the following sources: little-known scientific articles of this Italian physicist, Francesco Zantedeschi (1797-1873), unpublished letters of Italian optics specialist and topographer, Ignazio Porro (1801-1875), illustrations of scientific devices, and descriptions from museum catalogues. In the perspective of the early history of optical spectrum apparatuses, Zantedeschi-Porro spectrometer should be considered as the oldest known and preserved two-armed (not with double telescope!) device to observe the line spectrum.
2
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Czy Isaac Newton wynalazł napęd odrzutowy

100%
Rodzeń J.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2018
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vol. 27
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issue 2(53)
115—138
EN
Since the 19th century, both popular and professional literature presented a possibility according to which Isaac Newton to some extent contributed to the invention of jet propulsion. In the present paper, this view is carefully analyzed. Various authors attributed to Newton the design of a road vehicle (the so-called Newton’s steamcarriage) moved by ejection of hot steam. This opinion was expressed in certain works written by the first supporters of Newton (e.g. J.W. ’s-Gravenzande, J.T. Desaguliers, J.A. Nollet). What’s more, there are miniature models of such vehicle present in some collections of scientific instruments. Relying on the above examples, it would be hard to prove that Newton was indeed the true inventor of the jet propulsion. However, there is no doubt that he was very interested in various engineering issues and was the inventor of several scientific instruments (e.g. the variant of a reflecting telescope, a sea octant, a rotary slide rule).
3

Oktant morski Isaaca Newtona

100%
Rodzeń J.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2020
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vol. 65
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issue 3
77–94
EN
Isaac Newton is known primarily as an outstanding mathematician and physicist. Less known are his interests in alchemy, theology, and history. Yet, we still know very little about his interest in engineering and about how he designed and created several scientific instruments (e.g. a variant of the reflecting telescope, a variant of the rotary slide rule). Among them, there is also a navigational octant built by Newton in 1699. This device is an example of an ingenious solution in the field of early modern catadioptrical instruments.
4
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„Mieszkańcy gwiazd” według Karla Rahnera

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Rodzeń J.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 3
153-174
EN
In his enormous literary-production Karl Rahner (1904–1984) did not omit the question of intelligent extraterrestrial beings. Despite the fact that his statements about this issue are sporadic, fragmented and scattered, they nevertheless give a fairly clear and original philosophical and theological picture of this problem. Rahner presents the question of hypothetical extraterrestrial intelligence in a metaphysical perspective in which the cosmos is constantly coming into being as a self-transcending reality. According to Rahner the cosmos with its physical laws and in accordance with the purposeful plan of its Creator is oriented not only towards humans (anthropocentrism), but also towards other embodied spiritual beings (subjectivity-centrism). In this perspective there is a real possibility that other intelligent beings besides us exist. From the theological point of view, according to Rahner these hypothetical beings, just like humans, are exposed to the self-communicating God-Trinity through the Logos-Christ-Redeemer (christocentrism).
PL
W swojej ogromnej spuściźnie piśmienniczej Karl Rahner (1904–1984) nie pominął zagadnienia istnienia rozumnych istot pozaziemskich. Są to jednak wypowiedzi nieliczne, fragmentaryczne i rozproszone. Pomimo tego dają one wyrazisty i oryginalny obraz filozoficzno-teologiczny tego zagadnienia. Kwestię potencjalnych inteligencji pozaziemskich Rahner przedstawia na tle metafizycznego ujęcia kosmosu jako nieustannie stającej się i autotranscendującej rzeczywistości. W jego opinii kosmos w swoich prawach fizycznych i zgodnie z celowym zamysłem jego Stwórcy zorientowany jest nie tyle w stronę człowieka (antropocentryzm), lecz podmiotów cielesno-duchowych (podmioto-centryzm). W tej perspektywie realna staje się możliwość powstania także innych, oprócz człowieka, istot rozumnych. Z punktu widzenia teologii są one według Rahnera tak samo otwarte na samoudzielającego się Boga-Trójcy w Logosie-Chrystusie-Zbawcy (chrystocentryzm) jak ludzie.
5
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Tendencje antynaukowe w rozwoju tak zwanego „kreacjonizmu naukowego"

63%
Rodzeń J.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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1996
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vol. 12
149-165
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