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SENSATION SEEKING, ALCOHOL USE AND ALCOHOL OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES

100%
Urban R., Czegledi E., Kovacs K., Kelemen A.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2008
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vol. 63
|
issue 3
499-518
EN
Objectives: The authors examined the associations among alcohol use, alcohol expectancies and sensation seeking. Their main goals were 1. to verify the original factorial structure of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire in a Hungarian adolescent sample; and 2. to test the mediation effects of positive and negative alcohol expectancies between sensation seeking and alcohol use. Method: Research design was a cross-sectional, questionnaire study. Research participants were 428 adolescents (223 boys and 205 girls, mean age=16.9 years SD = 0.66). Measures: Alcohol use questions from ESPAD research, Hungarian version of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire; and Hungarian version of Sensation Seeking Scale - form V (SSS-V). Results: 1. The confirmatory factor analysis verified the original structure of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire in their Hungarian adolescent sample. 2. Positive and negative expectancies partially mediated the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use frequency (50% of the association is explained by the expectancies), and only the positive expectancies mediated partially between sensation seeking and underage problem drinking (22% of the association is explained by the expectancies). Removal of alcohol and drug related items from the sensation seeking scale did not affect the results significantly. Conclusions: The findings raise the importance of both positive and negative alcohol outcome expectancies in explaining the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use.
2

OBESITY AND BODY DISSATISFACTION (Elhizas es testkeppel valo elegedetlenseg)

100%
Czegledi E., Urban R., Rigo A.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2009
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vol. 64
|
issue 2
313-336
EN
The present study investigates the association between obesity and body dissatisfaction in a sample of overweight and obese people. The risk factors of body dissatisfaction tested in the present research include gender, age, degree of obesity, and thin-ideal internalization. Methods: In this cross sectional research the authors collected a convenient sample of 189 overweight and obese research subjects. The sample consists of 99 females and 90 males, the mean body mass index (BMI) of the present sample is 30,6 kg/m2 (SD: 4,42; range 25,0-46,7 kg/m2). Measures include Body Attitude Test, Human Figure Drawings Test, Trait-Anxiety Scale. Results: Females have higher risk for body dissatisfaction than males even when BMI is controlled. Younger age increases the risk of body dissatisfaction only in females. In the first series of multiple regression analyses, BMI explains body dissatisfaction even when age, education and trait anxiety are controlled in the equations, however, there is a slight gender difference since the partial regression coefficients are beta = .37, p less than .001 in males and beta = .14, p less than .07 in females. Anxiety explains a large part of the association between body dissatisfaction and BMI in females. In the second series multiple linear regression analyses, thin-ideal internalization significantly explains body dissatisfaction in both genders (beta = .59, p less than .001 in males and beta = .32, p less than .001 in females) even when age, education, BMI, and trait anxiety are controlled. When internalization of the thin-ideal is entered into the model, the association between BMI and body dissatisfaction has diminished to nonsignificant. Therefore thin-ideal internalization fully explains the association between BMI and body dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Besides the objective measure of overweight, gender, age, anxiety and thin-ideal internalization increase the risk of body dissatisfaction. The authors need further research to understand the importance of body dissatisfaction, anxiety and internalization of the thin-ideal in weight management programs.
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