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Teolog i filozof – ks. Franciszek Sawicki (1877-1952) – żywo interesował się problematyką z zakresu pedagogiki. Związane to było z jego długoletnia pracą jako wykładowcy w Wyższym Seminarium Duchownym w Pelplinie, ale również z naukowymi zainteresowaniami. Jeden z najważniejszych problemów jego badań naukowych – osobowość człowieka, jej ideał oraz możliwości jej kształtowania i rozwoju prowadzą go do podjęcia refleksji z zakresu teorii wy-chowania. Sawicki formułuje swój własny program – skoncentrowany na realizacji misji wychowywania przez trzy instytucje: rodzinę, szkołę i Kościół. Kształtowanie przez nie osobowości człowieka uważa za najlepszą i najpełniejszą drogę ludzkiego rozwoju, żywo dyskutując z alternatywnymi, sobie współczesnymi propozycjami w tym względzie.
EN
Father Franciszek Sawicki (1877-1952) was a theologian and philosopher and his particular area of interest lay in the field of pedagogy. This was due to his scientific interests and long-time work as a lecturer at the Higher Seminary in Pelplin. One of the most important issues of his research - the personality, its ideal, the possibility of its formation and development- later led him to research on the theory of education. He also formulated its own program focused on the institutions which have an educational mission: family, school and church. The three factors that contribute to personality development considered as the best and most complete way of human development at the same time lively discussing presented more alternative proposals.
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Odo Marquard is one of the most prominent German philosophers of modern times. He represents a sceptical attitude, referring to the Frankfurt School (a pupil of Joachim Ritter), and post-modernism. In his writings, he forms an original (and controversial) vision of freedom: "Human freedom is based on the division of authority “. This argument derived from Montesquieu's thesis is the starting point for the present discussion of the importance of the concept of freedom in the philosophy and analysis of the current difficulties associated with him in the European tradition of thought. Marquard presents three understandings of freedom: freedom as a zero-determination, liberty to evil as an alibi of God and freedom as a positive determination of human conduct. Marquard is an adherent of the third concept, which leads him to the post-modern approach of anthropology and the rejection of the notion of freedom of classical metaphysics.
EN
Robert Spaemann is the most eminent philosopher in Germany today. The reasonableness of faith in God constitutes one of most important themes of his philosophy. For this reason, he formulates a new proof of the existence of God in which God is the “being of sense”. Such dispute is unusually difficult, especially after Nietzsche and Foucault's critique of philosophy. Spaemann begins his argumentation with Nietzsche, and his classical thesis: “I am afraid that we will not be able to free ourselves from God as long as we believe in grammar.” This statement is a starting point for the development of “the proof for the existence of God from the grammar”.
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