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PL
W dniach od 4 do 7 listopada 2012 roku odbywał się w Berlinie XV Coroczny Europejski Kongres ISPOR (International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research), jednego z największych towarzystw naukowych promujących rozwój farmakoekonomiki, ekonomiki zdrowia, oceny technologii medycznych (health technology assessment – HTA) oraz naukowej oceny wyników leczenia (outcomes research). Spotkanie było zatytułowane Challenging times for health care decisions in Europe: changing models of HTA, price referencing and integrating social preferences.
PL
The principles of pharmaceutical reimbursement in the Polish health care system - overview of changes after implementation of the pharmaceutical reimbursement law and analysis of their impact on the physician-patient relationshipsA very important new law (the Reimbursement Law) has been implemented in Poland on turn of years 2011 and 2012 and it has deeply changed the national pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policy. The aim of this paper is to characterize the current status of affairs in this area and also to analyze the influence of changes on relationship between physicians and patients. The implementation of the Reimbursement Law has had a multifaceted impact on the Polish health care system and it has interfered relationships among its stakeholders. Several amendments to the new law are being expected in the forthcoming years, so all relevant experiences of the various stakeholders should be taken into due consideration during further pharmaceutical policy reforms. Appropriate preparations should be made beforehand, involving not only the state regulator and the public payer.
PL
India is the only country in the globe with officially recognized multiple systems of medicine, namely Allopathy; Ayurveda; Yoga and Naturopathy; Unani; Siddha; and Homoeopathy. The traditional medicine came into the limelight because of the politicization of the traditional medicine agenda. India adopted a parallel model within the national health care system through the Indian Medicine Central Council Act in 1970. The modern and traditional medicines are separate within this. The National Health Policy of 1983 also focuses on the Indian Systems of Medicines and Homeopathy. The Department of Indian Systems of Medicines and Homoeopathy (ISM and H) was established under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 1995. This was renamed as the Department of Ayurveda; Yoga and Naturopathy; Unani; Siddha; and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) in 2003.The origin of Ayurveda goes back to 5.000 B.C. in India. It has been written in Sanskrit language. Unani originated in Greece around 980 A.D. and was introduced in India by the Arabs. The literature available is in Arabic and Persian language. Siddha originated in the southern part of India and the literature available is in Tamil language (AYUSH, 2007). After a brief description of the scope of the traditional medicines (Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and some tribal drugs) in India, the issues related to their research, standardization and Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Systems (TRIPS) is documented in this article.
PL
The personalized medicine and the pharmacogenomics in treatment of central nervous system diseases - future of pharmacotherapy or next challenge for a health care system?The concept of personalized medicine has become increasingly popular and even “fashionable” within recent years, although the idea of personalization had originated in medicine much earlier than it gained its current label. Providing a therapy which is tailored to needs of a particular patient has been facilitated in selected areas of medicine by successful translation of the human genome and the developments of modern diagnostics and pharmacology. The personalized medicine is an area of development of medical and social sciences. It is also taking position within the health care system and it requires the sound sources of financing. The authors analyze the current status of knowledge on personalized medicine from the health care system’s point of view and setting the special focus on diseases of the central nervous system, including epilepsy. The on-going R&D initiatives from the field of the pharmacogenomics and the personalized medicine have been also presented in this paper
PL
The current Indian national drug policy has its roots in two documents originated in the 70-ties and the 80-ties of the XX. century. Although the first National Drug Policy was declared in 1978, it has been revised thrice since then, in 1986, 1994 and 2002. Also, in 1986 another document on the Indian drug policy, titled “Measures for Rationalisation, Quality Control and Growth of Drugs and Pharmaceutical Industry in India” was evolved. The drug policy has been implemented under some legal acts related mainly to the fields of health care, family welfare, scientific research and development, and industry. It emerged from the findings of the Hathi Committee (a committee commissioned to study the operations of multinational drug companies vis-à-vis indigenous companies and public sector undertakings).
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India is struggling not only against communicable diseases but also carries a large burden of non-communicable diseases. India is one of the 10 countries hosting 75% of the children who had not received vaccines for vaccine preventable diseases, like diphtheria, pertusis and tetanus. The diseases caused by Haemophilus, Pneumococcus and Rotaviruses, which are causing 2.1 million deaths in all age groups worldwide, have not even nudged the Indian government to provide access to the appropriate vaccines. For the pharmaceutical industry, R&D (research & development) on vaccines is not that profitable as the purchases are made by the government and moreover, the use is only for one time. There is a lack of vaccine coverage in the developing world and there is a growing need for developing new and better vaccines.
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