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PL
Streszczenie: Helena Modrzejewska jest najwybitniejszą polską aktorką szekspirowską, jest również jedną z najznamienitszych interpretatorek dramatów Szekspira na świecie. Artystka stanowi część historii nie tylko Polski i Europy, ale również Ameryki. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zaprezentowanie i ulokowanie jedynego istniejącego muzeum Heleny Modrzejewskiej, Ardenu w Kalifornii, na mapie miejsc pamięci związanych z tą artystką oraz wpisanie go w obszar polityki kulturalnej i turystycznej Stanów Zjednoczonych. Najistotniejsze z punktu widzenia historii i kultury tego kraju oraz atrakcyjności turystycznej obiekty są wpisywane do Narodowego Rejestru Miejsc Historycznych USA oraz zostają objęte narodowym programem ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego. Arden został wpisany do rejestru oraz otrzymał status narodowego pomnika historycznego jako miejsce o niezwykłych walorach kulturowych i turystycznych, związanych z postacią, która w szczególny sposób przyczyniła się do rozwoju kraju. W artykule zostaną przedstawione sylwetki właścicieli posiadłości, historia i stan obecny muzeum, jego uwarunkowania prawne i sposób funkcjonowania, jak również jego miejsce w procesie budowania pamięci o Helenie Modrzejewskiej.
EN
Abstract: Helena Modjeska is the most prominent Polish Shakespearian actress and also one of the greatest interpreters of Shakespeare’s dramas in the world. The artist constitutes a part of the history of Poland, Europe and also the USA. The aim of the following article is to present and locate the one and only existing museum of Helena Modjeska in Arden, California on the map of the memory places connected with this artist and set it in the area of cultural and tourist policy of the USA. The most important, from the point of view of the history and culture of this country and also tourist attractiveness, objects are listed on the National Register of Historic Places of the United States and are included into the national program of cultural heritage protection. Arden has been registered and received the status of a national historic landmark as a place of extraordinary cultural and historical value, connected with the person who contributed to the development of the country. In the article there are presented the profiles of the property owners, the history and the present state of the museum, its legal conditions and the way of functioning, as well as its place in the process of constructing the memory of Helena Modjeska.
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DYREKTOR TEATRU W XIX WIEKU

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PL
Modele zarządzania teatrem na przykładzie występów gościnnych Teatru Łódzkiego w PetersburguDyrektor teatru musiał być więc bardzo wszechstronnym człowiekiem. Nie tylko znajomość literatury dramatycznej, tajników aktorstwa czy sekretów reżyserii decydowały o powodzeniu przedsięwzięcia. Dobry dyrektor powinien być sprawnym przedsiębiorcą, taktownym mediatorem, zdecydowanym i energicznym człowiekiem. Dyrektor teatru końca XIX wieku był odpowiedzialny za angaż aktorów, politykę repertuarową i obsadową, wynajęcie i utrzymanie budynku, promowanie swojego teatru, współpracę z radą miasta, urzędami cenzuralnymi, zarządzanie finansami teatru. Dwuosobowy model zarządzania (dyrektor administracyjny i artystyczny) był już wówczas znany, chociaż w zespołach prowincjonalnych i wędrownych nadal jeszcze rzadko spotykany.
PL
The ability of perception and interpretation of photographs, a fundamental component of visual culture, is today indispensable cultural and scientific competence. This article is intended to define field of analysis and interpretation of the theatre atelier photography, with an emphasis on one of its features – documentarity. It is also an attempt to justify the need for a comprehensive study of the theater the second half of the 19th age and equal treatment of materials documenting the phenomenon.
PL
„Place of memory” in memory management on artistThe concept of the „place of memory” operates in many sciences, and the career of the term has led to the multiplicity of its definition. The article “Place of memory” in memory management on artist reconstructs its history, records the most important definitions, shows the differences between the conceptions. It also constitutes an attempt to justify the necessity of using the term „place of memory” in management sciences in the humanities and contributes to validate the need for the development of memory management in which such figures play a constitutive role.
PL
Theatre atelier photography is one of the few visual sources relating to the theatre of the second half of the nineteenth century; it is the most direct testimony, which, however, requires considerable caution in its interpretation. Science has developed a lot of methods for the study of visual sources, so an attempt – however  schematic and being just a reconnaissance in that research field – to implement them to interpret theater atelier photography seems to be justified. The author refers to methods which are the most interesting and the most relevant for the history of theater, and considers their usefulness in the analysis and interpretation of the photographic testimonies of dramatic performances.
PL
Glarrick Club and Players – gentlemen’s clubs of actorstGentlemen’s Club is an institution associating people of approximately the same social status, political preference, professional position, or interests, to which only previously accepted members can be admitted. London’s Garrick Club and New York’s Players Club are unique actors’ clubs in the world, which have specified precisely their professional activity profiles and which own collections of theatre memorabilia and conduct wide-scale charitable activity. Both organizations have similar management systems, a similar model of artistic activity, organization and promotion, as well as member recruitment system. Garrick and Players are one of the last places, where you can naturally come into direct contact with the XIX century culture, where beauty and uniqueness lies in constancy and preservation of the morality of the old days.
PL
RESTORING TO PADEREWSKI HIS HOUSE IN THE HOMELAND. THE MANOR HOUSE IN KĄŚNA DOLNA. THE PADEREWSKI CENTRE TARNÓW–KĄŚNA DOLNA The Manor House of Ignacy Paderewski in Kąśna Dolna, which remains under the supervision of the Paderewski Centre, is a resiliently operating institution of culture which combines the functions of a biographical house and a concert centre. The manor house not only makes the composer’s residence accessible to tourists, but also organizes concerts, festivals and music workshops; it popularizes the knowledge of the artist, collects and publishes the documentation of musical activity from the voivodship of Tarnów. Broad, international concert activity of the Centre, particularly important during the process of Europe’s unifi cation, plays an important role in getting to know the native cultural heritage; furthermore, it introduces Paderewski and his art into the Polish cultural landscape and emphasizes his universalism and world significance.
PL
The management of the memory of an artist on the example of the Foundation for Support of Helena Modjeska’s Life and Art The Foundation for Support of Helena Modjeska’s Life and Art, established in 2009 in Krakow, is an organization whose principal purpose is to preserve and disseminate  the memory of the great artist. This article is a presentation of the Foundation’s structure, its way of functioning, and the most important tasks until now, as well as an attempt to place the organization in the context of memory management processes. The authors try to point out the need to remember about artists as those who build cultural identity, to highlight the role of the past as a tool for the interpretation of the present, and to find the standards that define the ethics of social behavior for generations, the existence of which is made known by the ideas represented by outstanding Polish artists.
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