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Why Truth Still Matters in Science and Philosophy?

100%
Hetmański M.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2014
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vol. 50
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issue 4(202)
257-262
EN
Introduction to thematic block edited by Marek Hetmański: "What Does it Mean that Science Seeks the Truth? A Debate on the Pragmatic Account of Scientific Truth".
PL
Wprowadzenie do bloku tematycznego pod redakcją Marka Hetmańskiego: "What Does it Mean that Science Seeks the Truth? A Debate on the Pragmatic Account of Scientific Truth".
2
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Does the Computer is the Subject of Cognition?

100%
Hetmański M.
Filozofia Nauki
|
1996
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vol. 4
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issue 3
131-142
PL
The article is devoted the problem of artificial intelligence. The main thesis is that a computer is able to simulate some of human activity, e.g. cognitive activity, but a computer is not substitute for brain (or mind). It can never become an autonomous subject.
3
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Naturalizing Epistemology

100%
Hetmański M.
Filozofia Nauki
|
2008
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vol. 16
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issue 2
59-78
PL
Classic epistemology is under manifold changes; its categories loose their traditional meanings and gain new ones. Civilization and cultural changes, especially in mass communication and scientific knowledge, make impossible to insist on the concept of knowledge entirely as a true and justified belief. Traditional concepts of individual and subjectivistically conceived agent as well as concept of objects (areas and domains) of human knowledge are to much restrictive and at the same time controversial. Epistemological (pure philosophical) meaning of them is constantly confronted and changed by the scientific discoveries and definitions, coming especially from natural and social sciences (biology, neural sciences, psychology and social sciences). It is long-lasting and manifold process of naturalization that regards not only cognitive phenomena but epistemic categories and epistemological theories as well. The papers presents the concise model of the naturalized theory of human knowledge one can eliminate from different positions and theories. Today types of naturalized epistemology try to go beyond the strict and limited concept of naturalism (Quine’s naturalized epistemology) and go toward anti-scientific, more liberal understanding of it. Naturalizing epistemology opens, as it is argued in the paper, the new perspectives and prospects on human cognition and knowledge that are far from the classic concepts.
4

Metaphoric Confinement of Information

100%
Hetmański M.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2015
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vol. 40
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issue 1
161-178
EN
The aim of the paper is to determine how metaphors tackle the probable nature of information and uncertainty in the structure of the communication process. Since the cognitive theory of conceptual metaphors holds that metaphoric thinking and doing are unavoidable, they are employed often in explaining the communicating domains. The metaphorical conceptualizing is recognized in Shannon and Weaver’s Mathematical Theory of Communication where such abstract concepts as freedom of choice, choosing probabilities (possibilities), and uncertainty ware conceived in that way. It is described in accord with Reddy’s conduit metaphor and Ritchie’s toolmakers paradigm. In the paper the issue of both the advantages and disadvantages of metaphors is considered: mainly, how they can explain and predict ways in which people communicate their expectations or uncertainties as well as, more practically, how the probable/informational metaphors enable the management of knowledge in libraries or databases.
5
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Cognitive-methodological functions of metaphors

100%
Hetmański M.
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
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2021
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vol. 11
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issue 1
93-109
EN
The paper analyzes the cognitive functions of metaphors present in both colloquial and scientific discourse. First, presented is the history of research into linguistic metaphors, followed by a discussion of the psycholinguistic turn towards metaphors as thought schemas (George Lakoff and Mark Johnson), as well as metaphoricality embodied in gestures, images and behaviors and their socio-cultural contexts. Based on the analysis of metaphors in the natural sciences, mainly in physics (Max Black, Mary Hesse, Thomas Kuhn) as well as in psychology (Douwe Draaisma), the heuristic and methodological functions of metaphors in science are discussed. Finally, on this basis, a general model of the cognitive functions of metaphor is constructed in which, apart from the cognitive communicative functions, emphasized are also the pragmatic aspects of metaphorical thinking.
6
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Rzeczywiste znaczenie naturalizmu w epistemologii

88%
Hetmański M.
Diametros
|
2005
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issue 6
173-181
PL
Głos w debacie: Naturalizm i epistemologia
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