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EN
The article is a presentation and analysis of the basic symbols and meanings associated with images of Gypsy, which introduced to his works Aleksandr Blok, the most outstanding Russian poet of the beginning of the twentieth century.
EN
In this paper, on the material of Bolesław Leśmian’s poetic texts, the phenomenon of a fearful feeling of being watched by someone/something is analysed. This phenomenon is known as scopophobia, related to Medusa complex or Truman syndrome, which is a way by Poet to disclose a horror due to a sense of being trapped by Being? Nothingness? Absolute? A mysterious Spectator? An ancient fright that we are just damselflies in someone’s follicle; sometimes a paranoid fear of surveillance, of being manipulated. He is close in his assessments to Foucault’s consciousness expressed by the equation: visibility is a trap. However, Leśmian’s scopophobia as a denial of one’s reflection in the eye — it’s also a suicide, choice of death, nothingness, a non–existence. It is an attempt of the Poet to escape from incapacitation of control over an individual, a strategy of resistance chosen by Leśmian’s queers, who would otherwise be affected by aggression, or exclusion.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2022
|
vol. 113
|
issue 4
127-145
PL
Artykuł jest przeglądem figur i obrazów kobiet rosyjskich, jakie reprodukowano w międzywojennym polskim dyskursie prasowym. Stanowi próbę reinterpretacji znaczenia tych obrazów, próbą zdekonstruowania zniekształcających je stereotypów płciowych. Analiza ocen zjawiska emancypacji w Kraju Rad zapisanych w polskiej prasie międzywojennej koncentruje się na omówieniu zagadnienia emancypacji poprzez pracę oraz podejmowania przez Rosjanki ról męskich, m.in. militarnych. W ten sposób polsko-rosyjskie kontakty kulturalne zostały pokazane jako zaburzone przez uwikłanie w polskie modele ról genderowych i wspierające się na nich idee polskiej tożsamości, zdeformowane przez męską wersję polskiego kanonu narodowego, patriarchalny porządek społeczny, oparty na relacji władzy, siły i przemocy.
EN
The paper surveys the figures and images of the Russian women reproduced in the Polish interwar press discourse. It is an attempt to reinterpret the meanings of the images by deconstructing the gender stereotypes that deform them. The assessment analysis of the emancipation in the Soviet Union recorded in the Polish interwar press concentrates on describing the phenomenon of emancipation through work and through adopting the male roles, e.g. military ones, by the Russian women. In this manner, the Polish-Russian cultural contacts are distorted as being entangled into the Polish models of gender roles and the ideas of Polish identity supporting the roles, deformed by the male version of the Polish national canon, as well as patriarchal social order based on interrelation of power, strength and violence.
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