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Lokativní sémantická diateze v češtině

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Kettnerova V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2011
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vol. 72
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issue 2
83-101
EN
In this paper, we deal with locative semantic diathesis in Czech from a lexicographic point of view. We consider semantic diathesis as a specific relation between semantically similar syntactic constructions which are characterized by changes in the valency structure of verbs. These changes arise from the changes in the correspondence of semantic participants and valency complementations and vary even within one type of diathesis. We assume that they can be described by general rules determining the changes in the mapping of participants and valency complementations. Here we focus primarily on the lexical-semantic representation of verbs, which represents the first part of the description of semantic diatheses. The second part of this task, i.e. formulating rules, is left aside here. Using the example of locative semantic diathesis, we demonstrate the advantage of the representation based on predicate decomposition (called lexical-conceptual structure) over those formulated in terms of semantic roles. Namely, we use the lexical-conceptual structure built on the subeventual analysis in which event complexity, i.e. whether an event is simple or complex, plays a key role. On this basis, we attempt to formulate the appropriate lexical-conceptual structures reflecting semantic difference between the members of locative semantic diathesis.
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Konstrukce s rozpadem tématu a dikta v češtině

100%
Kettnerova V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2009
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vol. 70
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issue 3
163-175
EN
The present paper deals with Czech constructions with the splitting of the theme and dictum. They are realized by some classes of verbs of communication and verbs that express mental actions. The characteristic feature of these constructions lies in the fact that one of their participants - the participant message - occupies two valency slots. In the present contribution, syntactic properties, especially valency characteristics, of these constructions are our main interest. However, both morphological and semantic features have to be taken into account within their description. Finally, these constructions deserve close attention with regard to coreference relations. On the basis of the corpus evidence, the authoress demonstrates that the theme represents an antecedent to which the coreferring expression(s) that is/are a part of the dictum refer(s). In principle, two kinds of coreference occur in the constructions examined: (i) textual and (ii) content coreference. In the latter case, an explicit anaphoric relation is missing, and the relationship between the coreferred and the coreferring element(s) is based on various semantic relations. For these reasons, she assumes that constructions with the splitting of the theme and dictum are not synonymous with constructions without the splitting due to divergent truth conditions.
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