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1

AISCHINÉS ZO SFÉTTU: SOKRATOVEC ALEBO PODVODNÍK, AUTOR ALEBO PLAGIÁTOR

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Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2019
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vol. 74
|
issue 1
1 – 12
EN
The paper deals with an ambiguous character of ancient testimonies about Aeschines of Sphettus, who belongs to the first generation of Socrates՚ followers and the eldest authors of the Socratic dialogues. Aeschines is portrayed in these testimonies both as an author and a plagiarist, as a Socratic and a pretender. The paper tries to show that the key to understanding this ambiguity could be Alcibiades՚ character in Aeschines՚ dialogue of the same name in which Alcibiades is depicted as a student who can become better only when he is in company with his teacher. Without this company he is defeated by his own passions.
2

UMENIE ŽIVOTA MEDZI SÓKRATOM A EPIKTÉTOM

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Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 2
81 – 91
EN
The concept of philosophy as an art or a way of life is an invention of Socratic philosophy. During the Hellenistic era, later Stoics developed the original Socrates’ conviction of the care of the self into a systematic attitude called “art of living”. The paper deals with differences we see between Socratic and Stoic concepts of philosophy on the background of the lectures on ancient problematization of life given by Michel Foucault. The main purpose of the paper is an interpretation of Epictetus’ concept of art of living as a philosophical attitude to the life of the individual, which is not primary connected with philosophical knowledge (mathēsis) but rather with constant work of the self on the self (askēsis).
3

ODVAHA K PRAVDE: FOUCAULT A KYNICI

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Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 6
429 - 439
EN
The article goes back to Foucault’s last course at the College de France (Le courage de la verite). Two issues are its focus: (1) Socratic conception of philosophy as a way of life; (2) Cynic conception of the true life. Foucault used Cynics’ thought as an example of an alternative approach to the history of subjectivity, which in turn could help us in our searching for modern ways of constituting the ethical subject.
4
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O dialektickom charaktere Antisthenovho „Aianta“ a „Odyssea“

100%
Suvák V.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 1
33-50
EN
The aim of this study is to introduce Antisthenes’ declamations Ajax and Odysseus into the wider context of Socratic literature. The interpretation has as its starting point the question of whether it is possible to read these declamations from the viewpoint of Socratic dialectic. The first part reminds us of the difference between rhetoric and dialectic, which Plato adumbrated in the Protagoras, where the long monological declamation (makros logos) is opposed to the short dialogical declamation (brachulogia). The second part is devoted to the interpretation of some of Antisthenes’ fragments which adumbrate how Antisthenes connects brachulogia with the investigation of virtue (aretē), but at the same time criticised Plato’s attempts to find an essentialist understanding of them. It was against Plato that he evidently aimed his concept oikeios logos and the thesis concerning the impossibility of contradiction, which we might understand with the help of the Socratic doctrine of the harmfulness of unknowing. The last part tackles the various aspects of Antisthenes’ declamations, relates them to the foregoing interpretation and shows their dialectical character, as well as Antisthenes’ peculiar understanding of the relation between rhetoric and dialectic.
SK
Cieľom tejto štúdie je uvedenie Antisthenových rečí Aias a Odysseus do širšieho kontextu sókratovskej literatúry. Výklad vychádza z otázky, či je možné čítať tieto reči z hľadiska sókratovskej dialektiky. Prvá časť pripomína diferenciu medzi rétorikou a dialektikou, ktorú naznačuje Platón v Prótagorovi, keď stavia do protikladu dlhú monologickú reč (makros logos) a krátku dialogickú reč (brachylogia). Druhá časť sa venuje výkladu niektorých Antisthenových zlomkov, ktoré naznačujú, že Antisthenés spájal brachylogiu so skúmaním zdatnosti (areté), ale zároveň kritizoval Platónove pokusy o jej esencialistické uchopenie. Proti Platónovi namieril zrejme aj svoj koncept oikeios logos a tézu o nemožnosti sporu, ktorú by sme mohli uchopiť pomocou sókratovského učenia o škodlivosti nevedenia. Posledná časť sa zaoberá viacerými aspektmi Antisthenových rečí, dáva ich do vzťahu s predošlým výkladom a poukazuje na ich dialektický charakter, ako aj na Antisthenovo osobité poňatie vzťahu medzi rétorikou a dialektikou.
5

ARISTIPPOS A ZRODENIE SOKRATOVSKÉHO HEDONIZMU

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Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2022
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vol. 77
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issue 3
151 – 164
EN
The article deals with the historical reconstruction of Aristippus’ philosophical activity. The first part shows that the ancient reports distinguish between Aristippus and his later followers, whom doxographers place in the Cyrenaic school. The next two sections analyse the oldest texts that portray Aristippus as a Socrates’ follower and compare them with the reports of later doxographers. The penultimate part returns to the genealogy of the opposition between Antisthenes and Aristippus, which places two ways of life, asceticism and hedonism, in irreconcilable the opposition. The last part asks what we know about the historical Aristippus, and what his relationship was to the Socrates’ legacy.
6

ANTISTHENÉS: VÝKLAD HOMÉRA

100%
Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 1
50-62
EN
The paper deals with Antisthenes' accounts of Homer as well as with the role the philosopher played in the thought on the turn of the 5th and 6th centuries BC. In its first part the author gives an outline of Antisthenes' life and work. The second part shows the development of the critical approaches to Homer's depicting Gods from Hecait to the sophists. The third part deals with Antisthenes' accounts of Homer in Aiax and Odysseus, pointing to the Socratic character of questioning the virtue. Drawing on further reports about the interpretations of Homer the author shows the place occupied by Antisthenes within the tradition of the allegoric accounts of myths (part 4). The interpretations of particular fragments provide a basis for the author's argumentation, according to which Antisthenes' early writings deal with the sophistic themes in an innovative, i.e. Socratic way, which later had been adopted and developed by the cynics and stoics of the Helenistic period. The paper shows Antisthenes' approach to interpreting Homer as different from that of Plato, although both of them declared their adherence to the Socratic tradition.
7

FOUCAULT: OD MIKROFYZIKY MOCI KU GUVERNMENTALITE

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Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2021
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vol. 76
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issue 3
195 – 208
EN
The aim of the paper is to outline the development of later Foucault’s thought concerning the study of power. Foucault often changed his approaches to power, and this investigation changed his thinking about power. At the beginning he dealt with the microphysics of power, later he focused on the study of governmentality as the art of governing, which includes both the ways of governing and the modes of subjectivation. Problematiziation of governmentality allowed Foucault to link two major topics he had addressed in the last years of his life, politics and ethics.
8

ANTISTHENÉS: SKÚMANIE JAZYKA A LOGICKÉ PARADOXY

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Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2009
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vol. 64
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issue 6
520-526
EN
The paper deals with Antisthenes' account of language (logos) as well as with the role that the logical paradoxes played in Antisthenes' thought. The author doesn't see Antisthenes' logical investigations as a part of the early 'Sophistic' writings. Rather he tries to show the connection between Antisthenes' using of the logic and Socratic ethics of taking care of the self. Socratic thought in Antisthenes' fragments is neither skeptical nor dialectical. Contrary to both of these 'intellectualistic' tendencies Antisthenes underlines the continual ethical activity of the wise. Antisthenes' using of logical paradoxes (mainly ouk estin antilegein) should have probably served as a demonstration of an anti-Platonic conviction: Ethics is always prior to metaphysics and logic.
9

ANTISTHENÉS MEDZI SÓKRATOM A DIOGENOM

100%
Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2011
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vol. 66
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issue 6
545-557
EN
The paper deals with the Socratic ethics as developed by Antisthenes and conceived by the doxografical tradition as the basis of Diogenes' Cynicism. The author tries to show that Antisthenes' thought as a whole is connected with paideia (education). Thus Antisthenes' interpretations of Homer as well as his logical paradoxes have ethical aiming. There is a close connection between Antisthenes' logic and his ethics of the care of the self. Socratic thought in Antisthenes' fragments is neither sceptical nor dialectical. Contrary to both 'intellectualistic' tendencies Antisthenes puts stress on the wise continually practicing ethics. By using of logical paradoxes (mainly ouk estin antilegein) Antisthenes probably hoped to demonstrate the anti-Platonic priority of ethics over metaphysics and logic. From this point of view Antisthenes can be seen as the predecessor of practical Cynical bios (way of life).
10

ANTISTHENÉS: PRAKTICKÝ CHARAKTER SÓKRATOVSKEJ ETIKY

100%
Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2010
|
vol. 65
|
issue 3
239-248
EN
The paper gives an outline of Antisthenes' ethics. The first part questions the accounts of modern historians, who try to include Antisthenes in one or other philosophical schools of that time (sophistics, socratism, cynicism). In the second part it shows the affiliations between Antisthenes' thinking and Socratic tradition: It comes out, that the interconnection between the former and sophistics and cynicism might have come into existence as late as in the later doxographic accounts of his doctrine. The third part deals in more details with the writings Kyros and Heracles, which exemplify a mimetic depiction of the way of acting of a Socratic sapient. The analysis of the preserved fragments shows that the Antisthenian ethics is practical differing from the Platonic conception of practice in that in moral knowledge and moral action became one. Thus it represents a non-theoretical expansion of Socratic ethics and as such cannot be grasped by the classical approaches which draw a sharp line between socratics and sophistics.
11

AGONISTIKA A SOKRATOVSKÝ DIALÓG: EURIPIDES VERZUS PLATÓN

100%
Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2023
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vol. 78
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issue 5
353 – 365
EN
The paper focuses on the place of struggles, the agones, in classical drama, and how the Socratic dialogue deals with them. The first part returns to Euripides, for whom the agones are an important tool for developing the dramatic plot. The next section deals with the struggle between two brothers in Euripides’ Antiope and relates it to Plato’s Gorgias, in which the protagonists refer to Euripides’ characters. The last part asks how the agonistic changes from Euripides to Plato, and what this change means for the genre of the Socratic dialogue. The starting point of this part is Bakhtin’s study on the novel as a dialogue.
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