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Dilemmas of Modern International Law – Between Legal Inhumane Non-Intervention and Illegal Humanitarian

100%
Aleksandrowicz T.
Securitologia
|
2018
|
issue 2 (28)
57-71
EN
Over the past decades, threats have arisen in the international security environment related to the functioning of weak and countries unable to fulfill their functions in ensuring security and basic human rights for their citizens, referred to in the doctrine as failed/failing states. The international community has responded with humanitarian intervention that is part of the concept of responsibility for protection (Responsibility to Protect). This article is devoted to the issue of placing this concept in positive international law (remarks de lege lata) and the resulting applications (de lege ferenda comments).
2
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The Concept of Information Metabolism by Antoni Kępiński and the Mechanism of Information Manipulation. Conditions for Effectiveness and Ways of Counteraction

100%
Aleksandrowicz T.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
|
2020
|
vol. 33(33)
150-165
EN
In the modern security environment, information warfare is an increasingly important threat. The purpose of this article is to determine the conditions for the effective achievement of political objectives through the manipulation of information and disinformation. The conducted research used system analysis, also using case studies, generalizations and synthesis. This allowed to state that the key condition for the effectiveness of conducted information attacks is the mechanism described in the works of Antoni Kępiński as information metabolism. This makes it possible to formulate a postulate on the need to counteract such attacks based on building defensive and offensive capabilities of the state in the sphere of information warfare.
3
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National Security in the 21st Century. A Time of Discontinuation

100%
Aleksandrowicz T.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
|
2018
|
vol. 28(28)
88-121
EN
The analyses of the security environment of the second decade of the 21st century clearly indicate that the period will be recorded in history as a decade of change, a time of discontinuation. Liberal democracy ceases to be the dominant paradigm, and the challenging of the liberal-democratic ideas is the most profound change since the establishment of the democratic order in the West in 1945. We are facing a growing gap between societal expectations and the abilities of the governments as well as the results that they deliver – the function of the state is changing, and governing is becoming ever more difficult. It is highly likely that the consequences of these changes will be more serious than the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. The basic principles of the international order created after World War II are becoming increasingly obsolete. It appears obvious that these changes affect not only individual societies in the West, but also global international relations. These changes are accompanied by a scientific and technological revolution, in particular with regard to information. These phenomena can and should be analysed in terms of changes in the security environment understood as a mix of opportunities, challenges, threats and risks. This applies to the European Union in particular, as well as to the entire continent. It is reasonable to assume that risks and threats to Europe gain new depth within this context.
4
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Dylematy współczesnego prawa międzynarodowego – między legalną niehumanitarną nieinterwencją, a nielegalną interwencją humanitarną

100%
Aleksandrowicz T.
Securitologia
|
2018
|
issue 2 (28)
57-72
PL
W ciągu ostatnich dziesięcioleci pojawiły się w międzynarodowym środowisku bezpieczeństwa zagrożenia związane z funkcjonowaniem państw słabych, niezdolnych do wypełniania swoich funkcji w zakresie zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa i podstawowych praw człowieka swoim obywatelom, określanych w doktrynie mianem państw upadłych/upadających. Reakcją społeczności międzynarodowej stała się interwencja humanitarna wpisująca się w koncepcję odpowiedzialności za ochronę (Responsibility to Protect). Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony został kwestii umiejscowienia tej koncepcji w pozytywnym prawie międzynarodowym (uwagi de lege lata) i wypływających stąd wniosków (uwagi de lege ferenda).
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