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EN
The text introduces selected elements of Władysław Stróżewski's philosophy regarding the nation and art, emphasizing in this context the role of quality and the importance of values, as well as the metaphysicality of art and metaphysicality in art. The introduction of the concept of transcendentals later leads to the suggestion that art can show how these basic values become Polish. The aesthetic theory is extended by Grzegorz Sztabiński's observations on contemporary art. A discussion follows of the concepts of "margins of transcendence", its equivalents, observations of its possible experience, the active experience of artists and the sacralization of art, as well as the "skin of transcendence". These proposals, treated as ways of finding the metaphysicality of art and the metaphysicality in art, are applied to artistic examples. The works of Artur Żmijewski, Jerzy Bereś, Piotr Uklański, Jakub Woynarowski, Jakub Skoczek, and Jerzy Kalina are analyzed and interpreted. The conclusion includes a reflection on the expansion of the "margins of transcendence" appropriate to contemporary Polish art and the place of metaphysicality in it.
EN
The article contains a hermeneutic interpretation of the art of Grzegorz Sztabiński, a contemporary Polish artist creating drawings, paintings and installations. It starts with definitions of transcendence, hermeneutic interpretation, metaphysical cognition, and artistic installation. The main section is comprised of descriptions and interpretations of the artist’s works, created throughout his career, including his own comments and those of his critics, especially in relation to the cycle Pismo natury – Transcendencja [The Writing of Nature: Transcendence]. The text explains how the artist finds the signs of writing to be traces of transcendence concealed in nature and how the relationship between the artwork and the place is used to build the new contexts of each exposure (serving always to discover the transcendence). Finally, the game of models of distinguishing the object of metaphysical cognition is described and in conclusion the metaphysical cognition discovered in the hermeneutic interpretation of an artwork is found as a way of being in the world proposed by art.
EN
After defining the term synthesis and possible use of this word in the theory of art, the author concentrates on various visions of the „Community of Arts”. Description of the philosophical conception of the primeval syncretistic culture, destroyed by – among the others – partition of art into selected domains introduces the ideas to reconstruct universal art especially in the theatre (e.g. Richard Wagner, theatre reformers at the beginning of the 20th century, happening). Afterwards the author demonstrates the basic artistic elements uniting arts and proper to investigate the synthesis of arts phenomenon. Concentration on an artist, turns the attention not only to multitalented creators but also to a problem of the different or similar ways of expression in various domains (e.g. poetry and painting), as well as to the issue of a „creative impulse”. The artwork constructed in a chosen place and specific time, in one style and with one iconographic program, is the most visible base of the synthesis (e.g. in architecture and applied arts, understood as the cooperation of artists or in the contemporary, transgressive and multimedia installation). The situation indicates also the elementary aesthetic problems of the most common determinant of artistic character of the work and the role of the reception and interpretation by the recipient. This element of an artistic process reminds about the role of the aesthetic experience as the final „common place” of every artistic activity (e. g. represented in the romantic considerations on synaesthesia, in the issue titled „ut pictura poesis” or in the „fusion of horizons” conception). Finally, the author stresses the role of recipient’s intellectual activity and cognition as the necessary element and the proper space of the synthesis of arts. The text ends with the reflection about the advantages of the investigations of the synthesis problems for the general questions concerning the art.
EN
After descriptive analysis of selected works of Bob Wilson, Bill Viola and James Turrell, the author points out the “methaphysical longing” visible during the phenomenological approach. He stresses however the necessity of hermeneutic interpretation which discovers the location of aesthetic function in poetics and deepens this way methaphysical sense or artworks, as well as it confirms the identity of receiver, according to Gadamer’s concept of Auffülen.
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Is it just a metaphysical turn?

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EN
The paper introduces the phenomenological definition of metaphysics in art and out-lines the relationship between metaphysics and 20th century art, suggesting possible "escape from metaphysics," and the reactions to this suggestion within the philosophical turn announcing “the end of art" and within the so-called “metaphysical turn”. As the illustration of those “turns”, the author analyzes the installations of Miroslaw Balka, James Turrell and Bill Viola. The analysis leads to the conclusion about the possible connection of the described works with the various "turns" and to the hypothesis that the methodologies of the “turns” in fact seek to unveil the metaphysics from which art had tried to escape. The metaphysics transcends the various turns. This confirms the philosophical truth that "there is no escape from metaphysics," pointing out at the same time that metaphysics in art cannot be reduced to a "turn".
PL
Artykuł wprowadza w fenomenologiczne definicje metafizyczności w sztuce oraz zarysowuje relacje z metafizyką w sztuce XX wieku, sugerując obserwowanie w niej „ucieczki od metafizyki” i reakcje na taką ucieczkę w obrębie filozoficznego zwrotu zwanego „końcem sztuki” oraz tzw. „zwrotu metafizycznego”. Jako ilustracja tej reakcji przeanalizowane zostają artystyczne instalacje Mirosława Bałki, Jamesa Turrella i Billa Violi. Ostatecznie analizy prowadzą do wniosku o wpisywaniu się dzieł w różne „zwroty” oraz do hipotezy, że metodologie różnych zwrotów służą w istocie odkrywaniu metafizyki, od której sztuka próbowała uciekać, a która transcenduje zwroty. Potwierdza to filozoficzną prawdę, że „nie ma ucieczki od metafizyki” wskazując zarazem, że metafizyczności w sztuce nie można sprowadzić do jednego ze „zwrotów”.
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Trwanie klasycznego w epoce końca sztuki

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Text analyses selected examples of photography, painting and video installations (Bernhard Prinz, Bill Viola, Peter Holl, Adrian Gottlieb, Marcin Liber) stressing classical rules and inspirations, as well as elaborating context of visual turn (parallel to the end of art concept). Not only classical patterns and rules are presented but also weighty philosophical ideas are discovered with the use of transdisciplinary methods. Finally, the fundamental questions concerning aesthetic and metaphysical determinants of art in contemporary works are raised (Plato, Kant, Scheler) in context of human identity discovered in hermeneutic interpretation and experience of beauty.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2013
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vol. 41
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issue 1
191 - 211
EN
The article analyzes selected works of contemporary abstract, figurative, and immersive art, paintings and installations (e.g. Mark Grotjahn, David Ligare, James Turell), asking to what extent visual experience is completed by verbal interpretation. Observations allow us to suggest a modification of the radical phenomenological theses (Schopenhauer, Scheler) concerning the distinction between the metaphysics of art and the metaphysics present in verbal discourse. The idea of a metaphysical synthesis created thanks to the poetry of the image and the poetry of interpretation accepts the integrated beauty of an artwork presenting the world of ideas visually and in hermeneutic interpretation. The condition of the efficacy of such a synthesis is, however, respect to moral bienséance, enabling integration and founded metaphysically, as well as the understanding that images and pictures always look for the word proper to their beauty.
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Nie widać nic. Opowiadanie obrazów

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EN
The article begins with elements of the idealistic philosophy of participation. The introduction includes both Plato’s thought regarding the possibility of participating in the world of ideas and the concepts of being (including the Absolute Being), acting and existence of Saint Thomas Aquinas. Finally, the notion of religious faith in participating in God’s truth and love is discussed. The examples of works by Janusz Orbitowski, Grzegorz Sztabiński, Mirosław Bałka, Sebastian Wywiórski and Zbigniew Libera are described then as contemporary artistic attempts to participate in the metaphysical reality. The participation not only occurs thanks to the very metaphysical nature of art, but it is also the content and theme of works. Artists address the issues of being, essence, act, ideal pattern, the idea of writing, eternity, love relationship as participation in the idea of the Good. The poetic use of symbols and paradoxes also serves to relate to metaphysics. It is precisely poetics that is ultimately indicated as a way of participating in the metaphysical reality clearly present in contemporary visual arts.
PL
Tekst rozpoczyna wprowadzenie w idealistyczną filozofię partycypacji. Zawiera ono przypomnienie o myśli Platona dotyczącej możliwości uczestniczenia w świecie idei, o koncepcjach bytu (w tym Bytu Absolutnego), aktu i egzystencji w filozofii Św. Tomasza z Akwinu oraz o religijnej wierze w uczestniczenie w prawdzie i miłości Boga. Opisane dalej przykłady dzieł Janusza Orbitowskiego, Grzegorza Sztabińskiego, Mirosława Bałki, Sebastiana Wywiórskiego * i Zbigniewa Libery zinterpretowane zostają jako współczesne próby artystycznego uczestniczenia w rzeczywistości metafizycznej. Dzieje się to przez samą metafizyczność sztuki oraz przez podejmowanie w treści i formie dzieł zagadnień bytu, esencji, akt, idealnego wzoru, idei pisma, wieczności, relacji miłosnej jako uczestniczenia w idei Dobra. Relacji z metafizyką służy także poetyckie wykorzystanie symbolu i paradoksu. Właśnie poetyckość zostaje ostatecznie wskazana jako sposób partycypowania w rzeczywistości metafizycznej wyraźnie obecny we współczesnych sztukach wizualnych.
EN
The text focuses on Janusz Orbitowski, a Krakow-based painter of geometric abstraction, and on his teaching methods at the Academy of Fine Arts. This discussion is combined with interpretation of his works. Orbitowski’s distance to the academic milieu and his quiet teaching of traditional nude drawing are presented as a contrast to his openness and “energetic” lifestyle among friends, as well as to the distinct expressiveness found in his works. The text suggests that the paradoxical duality of silent invisibility, concealed by expression, could lead the artist and his students as well as the viewers of his art to a variety of cognitive experiences, including metaphysical cognition.
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Od redakcji

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PL
Proza dwudziestolecia międzywojennego z perspektywy współczesnych metodologii. Dyskusja: profesora Bolesława Farona, profesora Wojciecha Ligęzy, pani profesor Krystyny Latawiec, doktora Bogusława Gryszkiewicza, profesora Rafała Solewskiego. W roli protokolantki występuje pani doktor Magdalena Stoch.
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Proza dwudziestolecia międzywojennego z perspektywy współczesnych metodologii. Spotkanie i dyskujsa profesorów: Joanny Kisielowej, Mariana Kisiela, Wojciecha Ligęzy, Rafała Solewskiego, Bolesława Farona, pana doktora Bogusława Gryszkiewicza. W roli protokolantki występuje pani doktor Magdalena Stoch.
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