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1

THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW OWNERSHIP AND LEGAL-ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN RUSSIA (Ksztaltowanie sie nowej struktury wlasnosciowej i prawno-organizacyjnej producentow rolnych w Rosji)

100%
Dzun W.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2009
|
issue 4(145)
67-82
EN
The democratic and market reforms inaugurated in Russia in the early 1990s marked also the beginning of a spontaneous process shaping a new legal-organisational structure of agricultural producers. The basis for the start of this process was the agricultural reform (de-collectivisation of agriculture) providing for the apportionment of arable land to the farm workers by means of the so-called stakes (some 12 million persons) and for the restructuring of kolkhozes and sovkhozes. The principal tendencies that characterise this process are: firstly, the formation - chiefly on the basis of the former kolkhozes and sovkhozes, of a new organisational-legal structure of agricultural enterprises based on private ownership, secondly, the emergence and development of a new group of agricultural producers (farmers) and, thirdly, the strengthening of an extremely large group of household crofts which have a very long tradition in Russian agriculture. The process is reflected also in the changing structure of land and labour resources and, consequently, in the structure of agricultural production which changes under the influence of the emerging forms of husbandry. The principal tendency in this process is growth in the number of private farms and household crofts and a decline in the number of agricultural enterprises.
2

DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS OF BELARUSSIAN AGRICULTURE IN 1990-2009 (Problemy rozwoju rolnictwa Bialorusi w latach 1990-2009)

100%
Dzun W.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2010
|
issue 2(147)
35-48
EN
In the process of transition to the market economy Belarus rejected the concept of radical reforms (shock therapy) in favour of the concept of gradual transformation. Consequently, market mechanisms have not been created in agriculture and the top-down management of agricultural enterprises has not been abandoned up to this day. Belarus constitutes in this respect an exception among the countries of Eastern and Central Europe. However, the country's overall agricultural production decreased tangibly in 1990-1995 and in the following years stagnation continuing until 2003 was reported. In 2003 the level of agricultural production in Belarus was 22% lower than in 1990. Under the circumstances the central authorities of Belarus decided to accelerate the development of the country's food economy. According to the adopted assumptions, agricultural production was to grow by 45% in 2005-2010. However, in 2005-2009 it increased by not more than 24 %. The principal factor responsible for the lower than expected growth in agricultural production were difficulties in the development of agricultural production in family farms. In 2005-2008 the overall production in these farms declined by 5%. It seems that the decline occurred in the result of decisions to reduce assistance to the development of agricultural production and in the result of diminishing interest in the development of production - especially animal production, among a part of the population, due to the greater availability of food products on the market.
3
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AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION COOPERATIVES IN THE PROCESS OF SYSTEM TRANSFORMATIONS (Spóldzielnie produkcji rolnej w procesie przemian systemowych)

100%
Dzun W.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2009
|
issue 4(321)
67-89
EN
Agricultural Production Cooperatives (APCs) being in deep crisis adjusted to the hard conditions of market economy. Within the whole analysed period the process of continuous decline in the number of cooperatives could be observed, along with the decrease of the area of agricultural land utilised by these cooperatives, and - mostly - employed members of these cooperatives. Smaller, economically weaker cooperatives were the ones to be liquidated most often. Such a wide scale of the decrease in the number of cooperatives is an effect not only of external conditions, but also of the crisis of cooperative forms of management and crisis of the cooperative membership. In the conditions of growing competition mainly bigger, economically stronger cooperatives remained on the market - those which were well managed and which could carry out restructuring and modernisation. At the threshold of Poland's accession to the European Union, vast majority of cooperatives (APCs in particular) was well prepared for competing not only at the domestic, but also at the Community common agricultural market. But still almost 25% of APCs remained economically weak and their perspectives of maintaining on the difficult agricultural market remained bleak.
4
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CONDITION AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN AGRICLTURE (Stan i perspektywy rozwoju rolnictwa Rosji)

100%
Dzun W.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2009
|
issue 2(319)
10-32
EN
Agriculture in Russia is in the process of restructuring and emerging from the production and economic crisis. Measures undertaken in order to make agricultural development more dynamic are only partially successful. The level of agricultural production is still lower than in 1990-1991. Particularly strong difficulties can be observed in attempts to accelerate development of animal production. In conditions of rapid increase of people's income, increase in production achieved in last few years did not bring the reduction of dynamics of increasing food import and improvement of country's food self-sufficiency. As a result Russia becomes a bigger and bigger importer of agricultural and food products, especially of animal origin. Analyses indicate that even full implementation of tasks written down in the programme for the development of agriculture for 2008-2012 and assumptions concerning improvement of country's food security, would not lead to Russia's food self-sufficiency even in 2020. At the same time Russia, due to low level of development of production of food of animal origin, is a large and growing exporter of cereal, oil plants and oil. Russia's entering into WTO and the financial crisis can hamper development trends in Russian agriculture. Simultaneously, however, these factors can also limit dynamics of the national demand for food. Such conditions may cause further increase of export of vegetable products.
5

PROBLEMS WITH IMPROVMENT OF THE STRUCTURE OF POLISH FARMS (Problemy poprawy struktury gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce)

63%
Dzun W., Jozwiak W.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2009
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issue 2(143)
73-92
EN
In Polish agriculture progress in the improvement of the structure of farms in accordance with economic quantity is insufficient in relation to the challenge of intensifying competition on the common agricultural market of the European Union and on the world agricultural market. In the conditions of globalisation and integration only modern and economically strong farms can ensure themselves a stable position in the emerging division of labour within EU 27. In the conditions prevailing in Poland the principal factor of improvement in the structure of farms in accordance with economic quantity is a radical change in the acreage structure of farms and mainly an increase in the proportion of farms having 30 ha and over 30 ha of arable land. However, progress in this respect, especially in recent years, has been very slow. The main barrier to faster progress is the lack of supply of arable land coming from farms liquidating or reducing their agricultural production. In this situation the popularisation and consolidation of the institution of lease ought to become an important factor of improvement in the agrarian structure of Polish agriculture. Therefore, the agricultural policy ought to facilitate the operation of farms using land under lease agreements and to strengthen the lessees' conviction about the lasting character of their work on the leased land.
6
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AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES BEFORE AND AFTER POLAND'S ACCESSION TO THE EU (Spóldzielnie produkcji rolnej przed i po wejsciu Polski do UE)

63%
Dzun W., Adamski M.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
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2010
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issue 2(323)
42-61
EN
The article has been intended to depict the changes in cooperative agricultural holdings in the period preceding the accession to the European Union and afterwards. The evaluation was attempted based on the Central Statistical Office data as well as the information on the Agricultural Cooperatives collected by the IAFE Economics of Farm Holdings Department. The analyses have shown that the majority of Polish cooperative holdings underwent positive changes in their production factors structure despite a decreasing total number of cooperative agricultural holdings in Poland. Calculation results show that Agricultural Cooperatives had significantly improved their economic and financial standing in the new common agricultural policy environment. It has been found that direct payments and financial resources from other support programmes mainly helped the AC to stabilise their financial results.
7
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Spolki hodowlane Agencji Nieruchomosci Rolnych a poprawa produktywnosci rolnictwa polskiego

51%
Dzun W., Adamski M., Burghardt A.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
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2011
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issue 1(326)
46-63
EN
Increase in the unit efficiency of plant and animal production depends mostly on the implementation of biological progress in farms. Plant and animal breeding companies of the Agricultural Property Agency play a particularly significant role in this process in the Polish agriculture. These companies have a considerable breeding and economic potential based on extended and modernised material and technical resources, as well as a stable, though not too high yet, profit. Despite a very low profitability of breeding activities, they still have a considerable potential to provide agriculture with high quality carriers of biological progress. However, the analysis shows that no progress has been made between 1990 and 2008 in terms of productivity of the basic crops, except for sugar beet. The progress in the livestock productivity is also insignificant. The distance between the Polish agriculture and the agriculture of the EU countries compared in the analysed period in terms of plant and animal productivity not only has not diminished, but has even slightly grown. It is mainly due to the fact that the number of farms with development potential in the Polish agriculture is very small (about 10% of total farms). Most of them already achieve high values of plant and animal productivity indicators, which are only slightly lower than the results generated in the compared EU Member States. Nevertheless, a vast majority of farms in our country (90%) are farms without development potential whose main objective is to survive.
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