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EN
In the article the author attempts to present the system approach towards sustainable consumption. The systemic analysis were carried out in relation to the idea of sustainable development and ecological crisis with the emphasis put on its reasons. The attention was drawn to properties, functions and a structure of the systems in question. The author outlined the issues related to the conception of needs and the needs generation mechanisms both in real and virtual worlds. Furthermore, he pointed out the consequences related to different ways of the consumption issues understanding and a risk for a human being arising due to the approach. Subsequently, the decision process was discussed in relation to the above mention problems and heed was paid to optimization procedures and responsibilities for the taken decisions. In this context the author discussed the moderation and economy.
EN
In this paper, some exemplary methods of describing both a ‘forest’ system and its subsystems are presented. In order to precisely offer the manner of constructing a systemic image of the forest and its subsystems, all issues related to the systemic approach are clarified. The weaknesses and strengths of such an approach were juxtaposed and revealed the possibilities of using them to shape the man–forest relationship. Attention was paid to the ‘expanding of interpretation’ of the systemic approach and the subsequent consequences. The above, together with the after-effects, remains the focal point and main goal of the paper. Such a described systemic perspective may be used, for example, in environmental education. It can support a depiction or explanation of mechanisms and phenomena occurring within the forest system. In addition, it may be the basis for working out some ‘system instruments’ subsequently used in shaping attitudes and actions towards the forest and translating into the man– forest relationship. This can be reflected in decision-making process, broadly understood, preceding the actions taken in the field of forest system management.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przykładowe metody opisu zagadnień objętych zarówno systemem „leśnym”, jak i jego podsystemami. Ma to na celu doprecyzowanie sposobu budowania systemowego obrazu lasu i jego podsystemów. Zestawione będą mocne i słabe strony takiego ujęcia oraz możliwości ich uwzględnienia w profilowaniu relacji człowiek – las. Zwrócona będzie uwaga na poszerzanie interpretacji ujęcia systemowego i wynikające z tego konsekwencje. Powyższe, wraz z analizą konsekwencji, stanowi centralny punkt i zasadniczy cel artykułu. Tak zarysowana perspektywa systemowa może być spożytkowana, na przykład, w edukacji środowiskowej. W jej ramach, może wspomagać opis czy objaśnianie mechanizmów lub zjawisk występujących w ramach systemu „las”. Poza tym, może stanowić podstawę, w oparciu o którą będą wypracowane „narzędzia systemowe”, wykorzystywane następnie przy kształtowaniu postaw i działań człowieka względem lasu, będzie się przekładać na stan relacji pomiędzy człowiekiem a lasem. Może to znaleźć odzwierciedlenie w, szeroko rozumianym, procesie decyzyjnym poprzedzającym działania podejmowane w zakresie gospodarowania przez człowieka systemem leśnym.
EN
There is a specific way of approaching sustainable development issues in S. Kozłowski’s works. He takes into account a wide spectrum of problems from political, social, economic ones to moral and ethical with reference to natural environment (ecodevelopment). Frequently, he refers to systemic approaches e.g. researches on harmonized development pointing out the need for using such a perspective. In the researches on sustainable development there are models including social, technical and ecological systems. The models take into account a human factor, environment, techniques as well as energy and information. As there is a need for including long term actions related to environmental protection as well as economic mechanisms to carry out sustainable development plans, a new tool emerged called ecological control. Professor Stefan Kozłowski’s approach towards sustainable development including relations between a human and nature accentuates the meaning of quality and need for natural environmental protection in a process of civilization development of a global society. In his works “eco-development” is used interchangeably with “sustainable development”. Therefore according to S. Kozłowski the idea of sustainable development cannot be realise in isolation from ecological issues.
EN
In the article there were presented general assumptions concerning employees’ hazardous behaviour modification programme with use of a behavioural audit. The author depicted a method of the audit conduct underlining the meaning of a dialogue with an employee for proper identification of reasons for hazardous behaviours. Therefore, a crucial role of auditors’ selection and training was emphasised for they deliver data for further analysis. The quality of data obtained in the behaviour and work conditions observation process is vital for the programme success. Consequently, periodic trainings for behavioural auditors need to be carried out to deepen their knowledge and improve the methods of auditing.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę identyfikacji komponentów i określenia struktury procesu decyzyjnego w ochronie środowiska. Zwrócono uwagę na jego uwarunkowania i kontekst. Problemy związane z ochroną środowiska przedstawiono w perspektywie systemowej, akcentując ich praktyczny charakter. Praktyczne działania na rzecz ochrony środowiska wymagają podejmowania decyzji, które mogą być ujęte w ramy określonego schematu postępowania. Autor konstruuje takie schematy odnosząc się do systemu sterowania zaproponowanego przez Mariana Mazura oraz cyklu Deminga. Wskazuje na wytyczne i formy sprawnego działania, dzięki którym szeroko pojęty proces podejmowania decyzji staje się bardziej efektywny i skuteczny. Zwraca szczególną uwagę na etap optymalizacji, a w tym na wybór najbardziej efektywnego czy skutecznego działania. Wybór ten pociąga za sobą konieczność uwzględnienia pewnych obszarów odniesienia. Wśród nich, poza obszarem prakseologicznym, wskazany został obszar aksjologiczny.
EN
In the paper, the author attempts to identify the components and a course of the decision-making process in the area of environmental protection. Simultaneously, he pays attention to its conditions and context. The issues related to environmental protection are presented in a systemic approach with an emphasis on their practical nature. It is due to the necessity of decision making and a specific scheme of conduct. The author constructs such a scheme referring to a control system (in the context of a decision-making problems-solving) proposed by Marian Mazur and presented in the Deming cycle. At the same time, he points to the guidelines and characters of the efficient operation, whereby the broadly understood decision-making process becomes more efficient and more effective. He also pays special attention to the optimization stage including the selection of a precise (the most efficient and the most effective) action meaning a decision. The choice mentioned entails necessity of including certain criteria. Thus, it is disclosed that a decision-making process depends on the defined set of values.
EN
The interdisciplinary nature of environmental protection dooms most of the presently applied protection methods to failure. It is particularly vital an issue in present times of an ecological crisis which occurred as an effect of tackling environmental problems solely from a technical point of view. A crucial role in eliminating effects and causes of the crisis plays the idea of sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out proper educational activities for practical realization of its demands what may end the ecological crisis. The author of the paper presents currently applied educational methods and consequences of their application. Simultaneously he points out a necessity of a holistic approach to education for sustainable development what might be guaranteed, among others, by ecophilosophy. He also highlights a potential of the information technology in realization of educational activities for sustainable development.
EN
In the paper, the author makes an attempt to identify the components and a course of decision-making process in the area of environmental protection. Simultaneously, he pays attention to its conditions and context. The issues related to environmental protection are presented in a systemic approach with emphasis on their practical nature. It is due to the necessity of decision making and a specific scheme of conduct. The author constructs such a scheme referring to a control system (in the context of a decision-making problems-solving) proposed by Marian Mazur and presented in the Deming cycle. At the same time, he points to the guidelines and characters of the efficient operation, whereby the broadly understood decision-making process becomes more efficient and more effective. He also pays special attention to the optimization stage including the selection of a precise (the most efficient and the most effective) action meaning a decision. The choice mentioned entails necessity of including certain criteria. Thus, it is disclosed that a decision-making process depends on the defined set of values.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę identyfikacji komponentów i określenia struktury procesu decyzyjnego w ochronie środowiska. Zwrócono uwagę na jego uwarunkowania i kontekst. Problemy związane z ochroną środowiska przedstawiono w perspektywie systemowej, akcentując ich praktyczny charakter. Praktyczne działania na rzecz ochrony środowiska wymagają podejmowania decyzji, które mogą być ujęte w ramy określonego schematu postępowania. Autor konstruuje takie schematy odnosząc się do systemu sterowania zaproponowanego przez Mariana Mazura oraz cyklu Deminga. Wskazuje na wytyczne i formy sprawnego działania, dzięki którym szeroko pojęty proces podejmowania decyzji staje się bardziej efektywny i skuteczny. Zwraca szczególną uwagę na etap optymalizacji, a w tym na wybór najbardziej efektywnego czy skutecznego działania. Wybór ten pociąga za sobą konieczność uwzględnienia pewnych obszarów odniesienia. Wśród nich, poza obszarem prakseologicznym, wskazany został obszar aksjologiczny.
EN
In the paper, the author attempts to point out the meaning of procedures for the environmental management system (EMS). Particular attention is paid to form and content as well as to the functions, proprieties and structure of the procedures. The analyses were carried out taking into account a systemic approach of the essential topics to the ISO 14001 standard. Based on the chosen procedure, some fundamental methods of elaborating upon and implementing the EMS procedures were outlined. It was also presented that procedures written in accordance with these rules might provide vital support to the improvement of the organization’s management systems and might optimize the processes in the areas they cover.
RU
Anthropological Perspective on the Decision-Making Process in Environmental Protection
PL
Przyjęta w artykule systemowa perspektywa działań na rzecz ochrony środowiska, umożliwiła włączenie w ten obszar problemowy zagadnień związanych z procesem decyzyjnym. Obecny kryzys relacji pomiędzy człowiekiem i środowiskiem sprawia, że zagadnienia te wymagają szczególnej uwagi oraz konkretnych rozstrzygnięć. W tym kontekście przywołane zostały wybrane wzorce mogące stanowić punkt odniesienia przy formułowaniu procesu decyzyjnego - Cykl Deminga i system sterujący w propozycji Mariana Mazura. W palecie uwarunkowań procesu decyzyjnego, wyeksponowano determinantę antropologiczną. Przywołano tu ujęcie proponowane przez Michała Gierycza. Oikofilia w propozycji Rogera Scrutona została natomiast spożytkowana jako egzemplifikacja podejmowanych zagadnień. W szczególności podjęto próbę określenia wpływu przyjmowanej perspektywy antropologicznej na kształt i przebieg procesu decyzyjnego, co stanowi cel opracowania. Poddano analizie wpływ określonego profilu sprawcy czynu na strukturę i przebieg procesu decyzyjnego w ochronie środowiska. W konsekwencji prowadzonych analiz możliwe było sformułowanie postulatu traktowania przyjmowanej wizji decydenta jako punktu odniesienia przy projektowaniu i konstruowaniu metodyki postępowania w zakresie ochrony środowiska.
EN
The systemic perspective on environmental action adopted in the paper, allows in this thematic area, issues related to the decision-making process. Due to the current crisis affecting human-environment relationships, these issues call for special attention and specific solutions. Against this backdrop, the paper draws on selected patterns, which constitute a point of reference in the formulation of the decision-making process, namely, the Deming Cycle, and the control system worked out by Marian Mazur. Among the manifold determinants of the decision-making process, special emphasis is put on the anthropological one, with reference to the approach proposed by Michał Gierycz. In turn, the idea of oikophilia, as presented by Roger Scruton, has been used as an exemplification of the discussed issues. More specifically, an attempt has been made to determine the influence of the adopted anthropological perspective on the shape and course of the decision-making process, which is the aim of the study. The paper analyses further how a defined profile of the performer, influences the structure and course of the decision-making process in environmental protection. The conducted analyses enable the formulation of a postulate, in order that the adopted vision of the decision-maker, should be treated as a point of reference in the design and construction of a methodology for environmental protection.
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