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Rationality of Science?

100%
Kleszcz R.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2008
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vol. 44
|
issue 3-4
363-372
EN
The problem of rationality of science has been explored by many philosophical and methodological schools in the 20th century. In 'The Rationality of Science. Problems, Conceptions and Arguments' Monika Walczak examines two models of rationality: Classical Concepts of the Rationality of Science (CCRS) and Non-classical Concepts of the Rationality of Science (NCRS). According to the adherents of CCRS (e.g. logical empiricism and the Lvov - Warsaw School), rationality of science is characterized by: demarcationism, the idea of scientific theories as deductive structure, scientific realism, objectivism, reconstructionistic strategy, epistemological fundamentalism, the maximalistic idea of logical consistency and universalistic understanding of this criteria. For the adherents of NCRS, in contrast to CCRS, rationality of science is characterized by: anti-demarcationism, pluralistic vision of the bearers of scientific rationality, scientific antirealism, anti-objectivism, descriptionistic strategy, epistemological anti-fundamentalism, the minimalistic idea of logical consistency and pluralistic understanding of the criteria of rationality. Rationality of Science. Problems, Conception and Arguments is clear, informed, stimulating discussion that will be interesting to a wide range of philosophers, methodologist, scientist and others concerned with the status of rationality of science.
2

On Particularity of Social Sciences

100%
Kleszcz R.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2004
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vol. 13
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issue 3(51)
141-162
EN
The paper deals with the problem of particularity of humanities, especially of social sciences. For that reason two types of humanities (humanities sensu largo) are distinguished: humanities sensu stricto (e.g. history) and social sciences (e.g. sociology or psychology). The application of concepts and methods of natural sciences to social sciences have been acclaimed by some philosophers and methodologists. This model neglects the particularity of social sciences. The author confronts this model with two other ones: Polish sociologist Stanislaw Ossowski's and Karl Popper's model of social sciences. As a result of the analysis the conclusion is reached: contemporary social sciences are irreducible to the concepts and methods of natural sciences.
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