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Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 3
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issue 1
291-304
PL
Rosnąca potrzeba zarządzania jakością w wielu dziedzinach gospodarki, obejmuje również usługi turystyczne. Systemy zarządzania jakością w branży turystycznej są odpowiedzią na zmiany zachodzące w tym obszarze oraz rosnącą konkurencję. W przeciwieństwie do dóbr materialnych, usługi turystyczne ze względu na swoją złożoność nie posiadają ściśle ustalonych parametrów określających ich jakość. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano wyniki badań mających na celu identyfikację podstawowych cech jakości usług turystycznych oraz określenie stopnia spełnienia oczekiwań i potrzeb nabywców tych usług. W badaniach wzięli udział klienci przedsiębiorstw turystycznych, reprezentujących różne sektory usług: usługi noclegowe, gastronomiczne, transportowe, biura podróży oraz informacje turystyczne.
EN
Diversification of the agricultural production structure and the use of farm land, capital and labor to conduct activities other than agriculture is a sign of entrepreneurial activity among farmers. The main objective of diversification is a more efficient use of farm resources, not only in agricultural activities, but also to a large extent in non-agricultural activities. The aim of the study is to determine the scale of farm diversification and regional diversification, and an indication of the non-agricultural activities. This article presents the results of the studies carried out on farms engaged in agro-tourism in the regions of Warmia and Mazury. The aim of the study was to identify the motives behind tourism activities and to understand why farms divest.
EN
Research background: Integration and globalization processes encourage activities for the development of border regions. For the north-eastern regions of Poland and the Kaliningrad region, cross-border neighbourhood enables regions to cooperate and provides an opportunity for economic and social recovery. Purpose of the article: The present article aims to analyse areas of cross-border activity taking place on the Polish-Russian borderland, based on the opinions of the inhabitants of the Kaliningrad region. Taking into account the rapidly changing political and economic conditions, as well as social relations, the following areas of Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation have been examined: economic activity, tourism, social activity, scientific cooperation, neighbourly relations. Methods: The study presents the results of the author?s own research carried out using standardized interviews with 1,022 inhabitants of the Kaliningrad region. As the research instrument, a self-designed interview questionnaire. The adopted time frame encompassed four stages of the functioning of Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation, each of them different due to political, eco-nomic and social conditions. The sample was selected using the quota method. The correspondence analysis was used for statistical tools. Findings & Value added: The suspension of local border traffic has significantly limited the development of cross-border cooperation. The Polish-Russian relations, encumbered with high risk and uncertainty, have led to a considerable decrease in cooperation between border areas. The level of risk results not only from mutual relations between Poland and Russia, but is also a consequence of political and economic relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation. In the long term perspective, local border traffic may be open and similar conditions for the functioning of cross-border cooperation may occur. Therefore, knowledge about the activity of cross-border residents of Polish-Russian border regions will be useful in counteracting the undesirable effects that may occur.
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