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  1. 2 Psychological Studies

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  1. 2 Maliszewski N.

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  1. 2 2004

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HOW SMOKERS RESOLVE CONFLICT BETWEEN THEIR IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT ATTITUDES?

100%
Maliszewski N.
Psychological Studies
|
2004
|
vol. 42
|
issue 2
57-68
EN
Do smokers experience conflict when their negative implicit attitude and positive explicit attitude towards smoking is activated? In study 1 attitudes were activated by anti-smoking arguments. The stronger negative implicit attitude smokers had the more aversive tension (an indicator of conflict) they experienced. Non-smokers, whose both explicit and implicit attitude was negative, did not experience aversive tension. Study 2 assumed that cognitive capacity allows for conflict as positive explicit and negative implicit attitude may be activated simultaneously. Smokers resolve this conflict by fixing explicit attitude (smoking more cigarettes). With no cognitive capacity only implicit attitude is activated, and thus no conflict arises. Results confirmed this assumption. In cognitive capacity condition, the stronger negative implicit attitude was, the more cigarettes were smoked. Without cognitive capacity, smokers tended to cut down in keeping with the strength of their negative implicit attitude.
2

HOW SELF-REFERENCING INFLUENCES IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT ATTITUDES TOWARDS STIGMATIZED BEHAVIORS?

100%
Maliszewski N.
Psychological Studies
|
2004
|
vol. 42
|
issue 4
83-94
EN
The two experiments examined how persuasive messages related to self influence not only implicit, but also explicit attitudes towards stigmatized behaviors (e.g. speeding). In the first experiment drivers were presented with a message that was written in second (e.g.'Your speeding…', self-referencing) or third person ('Speeding', control group). Self-referencing decreased an influence of the message on explicit and implicit attitudes towards speeding (measured by Implicit Association Test, Greenwald, McGhee and Schwartz 1998). In the second experiment participants imagined getting run over by a car as a result of having drunk alcohol from the view point of an actor (self-referencing) and an observer. 'Observers' reported more negative explicit and implicit attitudes towards drinking alcohol then 'actors'. The results suggest that self-referencing decreases an influence of message on implicit and explicit attitudes towards stigmatized behaviors such as speeding and alcohol abuse.
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