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LITERÁRNÍ KRITIKA JAKO RPG

100%
Janoušek P.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2011
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vol. 58
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issue 5
417 – 424
EN
The study is a part of a more extensive work which deals with seeing literature as a competitive game and individual communication strategies used by the participants of the game, that is literature experts. From this point of view the role of a literary critic (a review writer) - beside those of a theoretician and a historian - appears to be one of the fundamental and constitutional roles. The study metaphorically compares the role to those taken on by RPG characters. That is simulation strategies where the players adopt chosen identities including certain possibilities and abilities, tasks and goals, and where playing the game consists of exploring a certain at first unknown or completely covered, space and successfully or unsuccessfully seizing, controlling and subjugating the space. According to the author, a critic within literary life similarly fulfils tasks, collects points and has only a relative freedom to choose their way, tasks as well as goals. Therefore the author characterizes and classifies various decisions the critics have to make while performing their roles in the game, the conditions under which they choose their tasks, as well as the methods they use to support their opinions and attitudes. Their natural goal is to reach such a position in a particular literary community they could influence through their reviews the assessing views of individual works of art as well as general issues of literary and social life and its current state. Apart from reasoning as an important element of literary criticism´s game strategies the author also finds it important for critics to try to appeal to potential readers emotionally, to draw their attention - in an adequate and well-timed manner - in the areas beyond reason such as impressions, feelings and affinities.
2

DESIGN JAKO LITERÁRNĚVĚDNÝ POJEM?

100%
Janoušek P.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2014
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vol. 61
|
issue 2
160 – 170
EN
In relation to his book Černá kočka aneb Subjekt znalce v myšlení o literatuře a jeho komunikační strategie (A Black Cat or The Subject of the Expert in Literary Thinking and His Communication Strategies, Praha, Academia 2012), the writer of the article suggests incorporating design as a concept into literary thinking. He builds his opinion on the fact that literary scientific speeches are not only meant to communicate ideas and contents but also to present and represent the speaker in front of the literary scientific community. Literary experts therefore naturally need to consider what they say as well as how they say it: to find means of expression which will be regarded by the potential recipients as appropriate or even progressive. It is true that the term design, which denotes this speech function, places accent on the uniqueness of an individual speech but it reflects also a collective conformity because it counts on mechanisms of identification, automatization and embellishment. If it was recognized, the term would make it possible to analyse a number of literary text features ranging from the choice of the subject, genre and appropriate language to terminology, citation method as well as the choice of the ideas and the people that the speaker makes references to as those who he/she respects or challenges. There also appears a possibility to characterize the design of individual literary schools, methodologies and approaches. In this context the writer himself defines three essential types of literary design, which he names traditional or naive design, methodological design and conceptual design. His focus of attention is on detailed characteristics of the mentioned designs and the ways they have developed in literary thinking in the course of time, and they overlap with current literary scientific practice. And no matter how these types have related to each other in history, the writer holds the opinion that in the future their conscious coexistence will be necessary and useful because that is what creates space for grasping such an unintelligible and complex thing like literature.
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