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EN
The article is regarding surveillance of Polish general consulate in Kiev by bodies NKWD in April 1938. Above all introducing methods to the functioning of the operation Soviet secret police in former Communist countries is aimed. Apart from that, an everyday day and members are also portraying Polish diplomats in the USSR. of Poland because the consular office remained under permanent observation of officers the NKWD. Even though she was led in the way not entirely professional, how contents are showing the text, brought certain effects. Simultaneously however he is showing that a Polish diplomatic post in that time didn’t constitute the priority in action NKWD. However it is first effort of portraying activity of Soviet officers towards the Polish consulate based on their own secret reports.
EN
The article is about first period of diplomatic operation of Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in Kyiv after the end of the Second World War. The Consulate, which has been set in 1946, was able to start its work at the beginning of ‘1948 (even though the first Polish diplomatic corps appeared in Kyiv in September the year before). That case shows fully dependence of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs on their Moscow principals. In the article has been described questions of setting-by the Consulate, constructing its staff and their first tasks. What is more, on the grounds of documents of the secret Soviet services’ it has been shown some methods of invigilation the Staff ’s of the Consulate. The Author also described in short the relationships between the Consulate’s personnel and specific of everyday life.
EN
The article presents an outline of the history of the Roman Catholic Church in Lviv in 1953-1959. It discusses the history of individual parishes in that city, as well as all attempts at influencing and exposing those religious communities made by the Soviet authorities, for religious activity was especially interesting to Soviet notables. The text also presents the Church’s situation in the light of Soviet legislation. At the time, the term “Catholic” in former Eastern regions of the Polish Republic almost always referred to a person of Polish nationality. Thus, the article can be considered as a presentation of the life of Poles who remained in Lviv until the “second repatriation”. It was the last moment when that community was relatively numerous. As a large proportion of the believers left in the second half of the 1950s, the Polish element became considerably weaker. It obviously led to a change in the Roman Catholic Church’s situation. Nevertheless, a slow suppression of religious activity began much earlier. It grew stronger during the period delimited in the text. The sources on which the article is based include the documents of Soviet provenance (mostly secret internal documents of the local Religious Cult Plenipotentiary). A large portion of them appear in a scholarly publication for the first time.
PL
Po wkroczeniu do Lwowa Armii Czerwonej w lipcu 1944 r. radziecka służba specjalna (NKGB) przystąpiła do natychmiastowej rozprawy z ludnością polską, w tym także z cywilami. Polacy stanowili wówczes najlicznejszą grupę narodowościową na terenie miasta. Mimo postępujących zmian traktowali oni Lwów jako polski ośrodek i nie zamierzali z niego wyjeżdżać. Artykuł przedstawia stosunek NKGB do cywilnej ludności polskiej we Lwowie w dwuletnim okresie przejściowym (1944–1946) i działania polegające na jej zastraszeniu w celu opuszczenia miasta. Tekst oparty został w dużej mierze na materiałach proweniencji radzieckiej, nieznanych dotąd nauce polskiej.
EN
When the Red Army entered Lviv in July 1944, the Soviet special service (NKGB) proceeded to immediately deal with the Polish population, including civilians. At that time, Poles were the most numerous national group in the city. Despite the progressive changes, they treated Lviv as a Polish centre and did not intend to leave it. The article presents the attitude of the NKGB towards Polish civilian population in Lviv during the two-year transition period (1944–1946) and the actions to intimidate them and force them to leave the city. The text was based to a large extent on materials of the Soviet provenance, not known to Polish science so far.
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