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EN
The past decades have seen a considerable, albeit uneven, outflow of young population from rural areas, with significantly more women migrating than men. Women that stay, tend to do it on their own terms, refusing to follow in the footsteps of their overworked mothers. Contemporary women who decide to live in the countryside often negotiate their rights and the division of responsibilities with their future husbands before marriage, and then enforce the effective implementation of the agreement. This article outlines the historical background of women’s work in the countryside, seeking to explain the origins, reasons, and consequences of the current dramatic shift in the situation of rural women. Based on studies conducted since the early 21st century in Poland’s region of Podlasie, the author describes changes in the social position of rural women in this area, both in terms of their role in the family and outside, i.e. in the professional and social life. The paper shows how women managed to rise from the status of a largely oppressed group to a frequently more privileged position than that of men.
EN
The process of decision making can be analysed from the perspective of many different sciences. The following article focuses on an anthropological analysis of decision making process in agriculture (exemplified by the case of farmers from podlaskie voivodship . The author describes specific features of agriculture, as well as its elements common with other branches of economy. The attention is paid mostly to cultural conditions of the decision making process, namely on the influence of other people. The author describes the way in which farmers can use these conditions as efficient strategies supporting decision making process.
EN
This article is devoted to reflections on self-organization and grassroots initiatives undertaken in local communities. Based on the results of long-term ethnographic research conducted at a holiday resort in Mazovia, it analyses the process through which the local community constructed illegal floodbanks. The author shows the social and cultural context of the described phenomenon, referring, for example, to the peasant tradition of cooperation and mutual aid, to the category of ‘acquaintance’, and the practice of uniting in resistance against the authorities. By focusing attention on the local character of both the initiative and its execution, the author highlights the different functioning of rural and metropolitan communities, and the different nature of their grass-roots initiatives.
PL
Artykuł ten poświęcony jest rozważaniom na temat samoorganizacji i oddolnych inicjatyw w społecznościach lokalnych. W oparciu o wyniki długotrwałych badań etnograficznych w jednej z wypoczynkowych miejscowości na Mazowszu prowadzona jest w nim analiza procesu budowy nielegalnych wałów przeciwpowodziowych przez lokalną społeczność. Autorka ukazuje kontekst społeczny i kulturowy opisywanego zjawiska, odwołując się m.in. do chłopskiej tradycji współpracy i wzajemnej pomocy, do kategorii „znajomości” czy jednoczenia się w oporze przeciw władzy. Poprzez skierowanie uwagi na lokalny charakter zarówno inicjatywy, jak i jej wykonania, autorka pokazuje odmienność funkcjonowania społeczności wiejskich i wielkomiejskich i inny charakter podejmowanych przez nie oddolnych inicjatyw.
PL
Włamania do działkowych domków, których apogeum miało miejsce w latach 80 i 90 XX wieku, są ważnym zjawiskiem w relacjach łączących lokalnych mieszkańców miejscowości letniskowych z właścicielami tzw. drugich domów. W niniejszym artykule dokonuję próby interpretacji tego zjawiska z punktu widzenia antropologii ekonomicznej, pokazując jakie znaczenia przypisują owym włamaniom obie strony, jakie mogły być motywacje złodziei, jakie znaczenie miał kulturowy i społeczny kontekst tych zdarzeń. Proponuję interpretację, w której włamania i kradzieże stają się działaniami pozwalającymi na przebudowanie nierównych relacji społecznych, odbierając silniejszej grupie poczucie sprawczości i niezależności. Kradzieże zniknęły wraz ze zmianami społecznymi, które sprawiły, że działkowicze nie są już postrzegani jako elita, lepiej sytuowana, lepiej wykształcona i dysponująca bogatszym kapitałem społecznym.
Lud
|
2012
|
vol. 96
179-201
EN
The article deals with the phenomenon of richness among Polish farmers (inhabitants of the western part of Podlaskie voivodeship). Showing their attitude towards wealth and poverty the author argues that these days being wealthy might be a bigger social and cultural challenge for a farmer than being poor. Wealth is ambivalent; on the one hand almost all people would like to be richer than they are, and on the other, everybody tries to hide their assets because they know that their neighbours would consider them dishonest, as they themselves consider wealthy people. To their minds, richness and honesty cannot go hand in hand.The text also shows a peculiar way of using the word “profitability” by farmers, which is different from that used in a public discourse or in business. In order to seem not rich to one’s neighbours, one must count his or her money (both incomes and expenses) in a way which will guarantee that it is obvious for everyone that one does not belong to those wealthy but dishonest people. The author discusses the origins of such an attitude towards wealth and poverty and tries to show how it influences people’s actions and everyday strategies.
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Etnografia w badaniu wiedzy ukrytej

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EN
The tacit knowledge is difficult to control and study. It would be imprudent to ask about it in a survey and it cannot be observed from the outside or captured by any IT tools. Moreover, its functioning cannot be regulated by the rules. The following article discusses the application of ethnography for examining this intangible phenomenon.
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