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1

VZŤAH VLÁDNEJ MOCI A CIRKVI NA VEĽKEJ MORAVE

100%
Jáger R.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2019
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
3 – 10
EN
The paper contains an outline explaining how the issue is described by legal-historical literature, and the author notes that the presented opinion is based only on the analogy about the development of the relationship of the ruling power and the Church in the surrounding countries of that period, or in the country that originated after the demise of Great Moravia. In the next section, the author is considering whether it is really possible to characterize the relationship of the ruling power and the Church as it is presented in the previous writings. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, the author presents the view that already in the years 833 – 863, in the court of the Great Moravian princes, there were educated clerics who held high positions in the state administration. This is justified by references to contemporary texts. At the same time, the author points out that there must have been a lower level Church administration in Great Moravia, governed from Passau. In the second part he presents opinions on the issue in the years 863 – 885. In this part, the author points out that the ruler of Great Moravia acted as a judge in Church and theological disputes, had competence in the appointment of bishops, provided them with means of subsistence, etc. He also tries to emphasize that secular and ecclesiastical issues overlapped also at the level of foreign contacts, including the teaching of the domestic clergy at the cleric schools established by Constantine and Methodius. The last part of the paper points to the interesting fact that the Great Moravian texts contained norms with both world and Church sanctions. In a concrete example, the author points to a possible contradiction in the practical imposition of these sanctions, trying to explain how this contradiction was being approached from the point of view of Christian philosophy.
2
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ČASOVÉ VYMEDZENIE VZNIKU VEĽKOMORAVSKÉHO NOMOKÁNONA

100%
Jáger R.
Konštantínove listy
|
2018
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vol. 11
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issue 2
67 - 77
EN
Written legal texts (so-called normative legal texts) are also indispensable for the study of the history of Great Moravia. The most extensive of them is the Great Moravian Nomocanon, which is a translation of its Byzantine original, while the author has significantly narrowed the original text. Most experts dealing with the history of Great Moravia assume that the author of the translation was Methodius himself. In this paper we try to determine when the translation of Nomocanon was conducted. The previous papers stated that the translation was carried out at the beginning of the Byzantine mission in Great Moravia. In this paper we present the hypothesis that the translation of Nomocanon was probably conducted only in the final phase of Methodius’s activity in Great Moravia. This hypothesis is supported by the timing of the necessity (and urgency) of its translation in practice, as well as by the historical events of the fight between Wiching and Methodius.
3

PRÁVNO-HISTORICKÉ ASPEKTY VEĽKOMORAVSKEJ ŠTÁTNOSTI

100%
Jáger R.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2020
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vol. 55
|
issue 3
427 – 434
EN
The article describes the issue of the perception of Great Moravia as a state. The author points out when the term “state” for Great Moravia was used for the first time in professional literature, as well as how other authors perceived Great Moravia, as well as what definition of state the authors used. The article further describes how the understanding of the legacy of Great Moravian history was politicized in individual periods. He points out that in the period after 1867 the question of Great Moravian history was mainly presented from the perspective of the defense of Palacký. After 1918, Great Moravia was a symbol of the historical unity of the Czechoslovak nation, and at the same time a suitable historical justification for the policy of Czechoslovakism. After 1939, Prince Pribina as the first ruler of Nitra was presented in Slovakia, and the unification of Great Moravia was presented as a violent act of aggression of the Czechs against the Slovaks. After 1948, the legacy of Great Moravia is again presented as the oldest state of Czechs and Slovaks (no longer one Czechoslovak nation). The author points out that although the conditions for the de-politicization of the perception of history occurred after 1989, this was not quite the case in Slovakia. In conclusion, the author points out in what way the perception of the history of Great Moravian statehood could be changed.
4
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GUILT AND CULPABILITY IN THE LAW OF GREAT MORAVIA

100%
Jáger R.
Konštantínove listy
|
2021
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vol. 14
|
issue 2
26 - 36
EN
The article describes the forms of guilt and culpability in the so-called normative texts of Great Moravia (Nomocanon, Admonitions to the Rulers and the Judicial Code for the People). The first part of the article describes the parts of the Judicial Code for the People, in which the actions are described, which we could define by modern legal understanding as intentional culpability and negligent culpability. In these provisions there are also indications of a distinction between direct and indirect intentions, and conscious and unconscious negligence. The author of the article considers in the text whether such a distinction of forms of culpability could have existed before the arrival of the Byzantine mission, or whether the distinction is the benefit of Byzantine (Roman) law for the domestic law of Great Moravia. The author also considers how these provisions have been implemented in practice. He points out that the rules in question contained a double sanction: secular and ecclesiastical sanctions, and sought to determine which of those sanctions had been imposed in practical life.
5

POČIATKY VÝUČBY TEOLÓGIE NA NAŠOM ÚZEMÍ

100%
Jáger R.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2022
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3
279-289
EN
The study describes the assumed form of teaching theology existing in Great Moravia as well as in the period immediately following its dissolution. The study gives an overview of the possible existence of group of scholars in Great Moravia even before the arrival of St. Cyril and Methodius, with whose arrival is generally associated the building of the schools in which the future priests studied. The work highlights not only the high level of schooling for domestic clergy founded after 863, but also the fact that it is highly probable that these schools existed even after Method’s death.
6

K JAZYKU MIESTNEJ SPRÁVY PODĽA STAROSLOVIENSKEHO PREKLADU NOMOKÁNONA

63%
Jáger R., Lysý M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2019
|
vol. 67
|
issue 3
413 - 437
EN
In the paper we try to reconstruct the system of local administration in Mojmír’s Moravia. We start from the assumption that the terms used in the Old Slavonic translation of the Nomokanon to designate units in the ecclesiastical administration probably reflected the terms used in local administration in the language of the time. Attention is devoted to units designated as oblastь, strojenije, predělъ, gradъ, město, vьsь, strana. Then we try to identify these territorial units in the system of local administration, their place in the supposed hierarchical structure with a hypothetical description of their organization.
7
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Terminological and historical backgrounds of the criminal law development: from the private law sector to the public law sector

63%
Schneiderová A., Jáger R.
Journal of Modern Science
|
2018
|
issue 3(38)
295-304
EN
The paper describes the development of criminal law as the originally private law sector and points to changes that ultimately have changed the nature of criminal law so that it is now considered to be a public law sector. Criminal law during the period of the high and late Middle Ages on the territory of Slovakia had the character of a public law sector. Recovery after committing the crime was left to the injured person or his family. The relationship between the injured (or his survivors) and the perpetrator was largely private in nature. The state originally did not interfere or interfere only at a minimum with this relationship. Only in the course of time has this element of a largely private legal relationship been also given a public-law element, only in the age of Modern Times the criminal-law relations had the character of public law. This article describes the changes that have occurred in the course of time in the area of criminal law, the ways of punishment, and the changes which have led to the transformation of criminal law into the public law sector
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