The article contains the characteristics of one the nineteenth century sources of Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish Dialects] by Jan Karłowicz, i.e., the dictionary written by Antoni Waga titled Abecadłowy spis wyrazów ludowego języka w okolicach Łomży, Wizny i przyległych [Alphabetic List of Words of Folk Language from Łomża, Wizna and the neighborhood] published in the second volume of a scientific journal “Warsaw Library” for 1860.
The author assumes that not only spelling or general dictionaries but also bilingual ones from different epochs are specific confirmation of their author’s linguistic awareness. The authors proves this thesis analyzing selected manifestations of linguistic awareness (among the others, general knowledge of Polish, its inflective and stylistic varieties, attitude to borrowings from foreign languages and chronologically featured lexis, normativism) that are present in the German-Polish dictionary of C.C. Mrongovius from the middle of the 19th century. On this basis the author draws a conclusion that Mrongovius was closest to moderate liberalism, which is expressed in a delicate preference of some elements at the expense of others. This is a pragmatic attitude which is characterized by functionality, language purpose and superiority of the idea of effective communication over grammatical or stylistics restrictions.
A purpose of the article is to present and characterize proper names registered in the German-Polish dictionary by Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius (1853/54) with particular consideration of toponyms, especially geographical names, choronyms and hydronyms. Rich and diversified onomastic material, adorned by frequently interesting and valuable remarks by Mrongovius, proves the lexicographer’s good knowledge of the then current as well historical geography, mostly European and Polish, including the lands that were the dearest to him: Pomerania, Warmia and Masuria. Comprehensive acumen of a profoundly and scrupulously educated European of the mid 19th century is confirmed here.
Solving puzzles and riddles has been one of the pastimes enjoyed by many Poles for a long time. It is proved directly not only by the descriptions of customs or habits of several generations of our ancestors, but also by the contents of different types of dictionaries, particularly Polish language dictionaries or dictionaries of words of foreign origin, where the names of such kind of entertainment have been registered. A main purpose of the article is to present and characterize various names of riddles and puzzles that appear in Polish charades, particularly in the context of their very modest representation in not only historical but also contemporary lexicographical studies.
Polish sports vocabulary uses a variety of sources, including lexical elements of various origin that include foreign lexical elements. A fairly significant part of this vocabulary consists of words and expressions that include in their composition onomastic, toponymic and anthroponymic components. An analysis of this vocabulary proves that, from among sports terms with the onomastic component, nominations that stem from the Mediterranean, Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon traditions are decidedly dominant, whereas those of Polish origin are rare and infrequent.
The basic and underlying assumption for the article is that the hitherto written literature of the subject lacks a general and comprehensive work combining and integrating the state-of-the-art knowledge on Polish and German linguistic contacts, particularly within the scope of the extent and the nature of this influence. Hence, attempts have been made to provide a holistic presentation of the most important results of the influence of German on Polish, including into the scope of interest not only standard Germanisms to be found in dictionaries (from the oldest ones to the most recent), but also the effects of this influence on Polish dialects, regional varieties of non-standard Polish and sociolectals, the influence of the German language within the scope of word formation, including loan translations of various kinds and phraseological units, commonly used sayings and proverbs, and, finally, proper nouns, anthroponyms and place names existing in the Polish–language areas in particular, as well as eponyms.
The article focuses on lexicographic means and methods used in the 19th century dialectal lexicography. Zygmunt Gloger in Tykocin Dictionary refers not only to dialect but also to other sources, which makes his work unique. It contains numerous references, especially to literary and historical texts, but also specialised papers. They serve either to prove the presence of a particular word/phrase in the Polish language in the past or in the times of Gloger, or to document the use of selected units in various syntactic and semantic contexts. Scientific references enable to define and to deepen etymology of selected words, or to provide an alternative variation. Referring to various sources in order to show historically or/and geographically determined phonetic, morphological and semantic-lexical forms that differ from forms in Tykocin Dictionary is rare.
The article provides information on the contemporary Polish sports terminology. It provides evidence for its dynamic quantitative development conditioned by various factors, mainly the extra-linguistic ones. Additionally, it points out fundamental qualitative changes, first of all ever progressing stylistic differentiation which finds reflection, among others, in the monographic and lexicographic descriptions of sports vocabulary.
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The article provides information on the contemporary Polish sports terminology. It provides evidence for its dynamic quantitative development conditioned by various factors, mainly the extra-linguistic ones. Additionally, it points out fundamental qualitative changes, first of all ever progressing stylistic differentiation which finds reflection, among others, in the monographic and lexicographic descriptions of sports vocabulary.
Monolingual dictionaries of Polish as well as the old translation dictionaries which until the 19th century also fulfilled the function (in compliance with the intention of their authors) of general Polish dictionaries are traditionally regarded as fundamental sources of the history of the Polish language, especially its development and lexical resources. The collections of folk vocabulary which-more or less professionally-were narrowly used in the papers concerning the past periods of the Polish language aroused poor interest on the part of the historians of language. The article contends that small dialectal dictionaries should be treated equally with other sources of the history of the Polish language, especially lexicographical ones, for they provide a very interesting material for analysis and interpretation, not only linguistic.