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1

POPULAR LANGUAGE AND ITS STUDY

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2005
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vol. 129
|
issue 4
397-419
EN
The author's intention is to clarify some uncertainties and issues surrounding the term 'popular language' and the notion it identifies. The paper gives some data and an analysis of the history of research and history of terminology with respect to 'people', 'popular language', and 'the study of popular language' in a Hungarian context. According to an interpretation that corresponds to the linguistic and social facts in present-day Hungarian, a brief definition of 'popular language' is as follows: 1. a) a particular non-standard way of language use (that can be related to level of education and to speech situation): the way of speaking characteristic of speakers of traditional culture and containing primarily dialect-bound phenomena; b) the sum of linguistic features and means of expression characterising that way of speaking. 2. a cover term for regional dialects.
2

ON WHY A NEW HUNGARIAN LINGUISTIC ATLAS IS NECESSARY

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Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2006
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vol. 102
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issue 2
129-142
EN
Data collection for The Atlas of Hungarian Dialects took place between 1949 and 1960 (with follow-up collection completed by 1964) in the Hungarian language area of the Carpathian Basin. In the half-century or so that has elapsed since, large-scale social, cultural and linguistic changes, ones involving both language use and language awareness, have occurred within the Hungarian linguistic community. All those changes, as well as discipline-internal reasons, motivate the necessity of designing a new, up-to-date atlas. In particular, the facts that traditional peasant economy has come to an end and that local dialects have lost ground, the requirement that regional spoken language be descriptively studied at a macro-level, the scientific importance of studying completed and ongoing changes within the Hungarian language area now encompassing parts of as many as eight different countries, the ensuing possibility of a comparative study of dialectal speech, and the need for 'rescue excavations' in some cases are all factors contributing to that motivation. The author analyses some possibilities of carrying that idea into effect, and argues for a cooperation of Hungarian dialectologists, for thorough preparations to be undertaken, and for the necessity of support coming from the research management authorities of the country.
3

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES ON HUNGARIAN LINGUISTICS: SOME HISTORIOGRAPHIC NOTES

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2005
|
vol. 101
|
issue 2
140-147
EN
The author discusses some aspects of the role that international congresses on Hungarian linguistics, initiated in 1966, have played in the history of Hungarian linguistics in general. He states that, due to the ideological and other barriers at the time of proletarian dictatorship and the socialist regime, the rejoining of Hungarian linguistics into international scholarly life had suffered some delay. That rejoining took place with political détente in the early sixties, a process in which the international congresses on Hungarian linguistics had an important share. On the one hand, this happened in the framework of a gradual opening of Hungarian linguistic scholarship towards Western linguistics, and on the other hand, in the possibility of establishing contacts with scholars from other countries, as well as in the gradually permitted cooperation between linguists living in Hungary and Hungarian linguists living in a minority situation in the surrounding countries. Some practical problems of the organization of these congresses are also discussed, with special reference to the Seventh International Congress on Hungarian Linguistics held in 2004.
4

LINGUISTIC CHANGE - RESEARCHER'S DILEMMAS

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2008
|
vol. 194
|
issue 3
257-274
EN
The paper discusses problems concerning the theory of linguistic change. It focuses on three interdependent issues: (1) language and its user; (2) language and its use; (3) linguistic change and human conduct. The central issue is what role is played in linguistic change by the fact that the homo sapiens uses language and the way in which he uses it. It is self-evident that, in the study of linguistic change, the point of departure is the system of language. The object of study is what changed, how, and why. Extra-linguistic factors (may) play a role in the third of those questions. People's lives and activities are kept in the desired channel by the biological law of homeostasis. Through a series of linked transmissions, that law prevails in the human activity of language use as well. And given that linguistic change comes into being in the course of humans' linguistic activity, that is, in language use, the author argues that homeostasis can be seen as a general mechanism indirectly governing language change.
5

From the earliest lists of dialect words to a unified digital dialect dictionary

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2008
|
vol. 132
|
issue 1
27-36
EN
The paper begins with a brief historical overview of the publication of lists of Hungarian dialect words. A detailed treatment of an ongoing project of compiling a unified digitalized dialect dictionary of Hungarian follows suit. The main issues discussed are what criteria can be used to decide what should be included in that dictionary and what would constitute an optimal system of lexicographic annotations that could serve as a basis for the search engine to be worked out. Advantages of compiling and using digitalized dialect dictionaries are listed, and organizational tasks related to the project are spelt out. The unified digital dialect dictionary, once completed, will be an important annotated database of corpus linguistics in Hungary.
6

DIALECTS AND THE TEACHING OF DIALECTOLOGY AS STUDENTS OF HUNGARIAN FROM THE CARPATHIAN BASIN SEE THEM (A nyelvjarasok es a dialektologiaoktatas Karpat-medencei magyar szakos hallgatok szemevel)

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2009
|
vol. 133
|
issue 1
1-14
EN
The author reports on a questionnaire study that was conducted in 2001 with the participation of 1000 university or college students majoring in Hungarian language and literature and coming from all over the Carpathian Basin. Most items of the questionnaire inquired into the subjects' knowledge concerning Hungarian dialects. Students who had already completed their dialectology courses were also asked about the education in dialectology they had received and the extent to which it influenced their thinking. The results revealed some deficiencies in the subjects' knowledge on the one hand, and directed the author's attention to certain shortcomings of the teaching of dialectology that tend to occur alongside its obvious advantages, on the other.
7

THE SOCIETY OF HUNGARIAN LINGUISTICS IS A HUNDRED YEARS OLD

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2005
|
vol. 101
|
issue 1
7-14
EN
The Society of Hungarian Linguistics, a scholarly society of public utility, was founded in 1904 in Budapest. The main task of the Society has been, from the very beginnings, to promote an all-round scholarly investigation of the Hungarian language, to arouse general interest in the results of linguistics and spreading knowledge in that field, as well as to assist language development activities with respect to Hungarian. The author embeds his survey of the history of the Society celebrating its one hundredth anniversary in 2004 into a social historical and history-of-scholarship framework. He draws up the circumstances that fostered the foundation of the Society, commemorates the persons who first organised the Society and started its journal The Hungarian Language and its series of Publications of the Society of the Hungarian Linguistics, and discusses the aims with which the Society was founded. The history of the Society had its flourishing years and hard times, too (world wars, ideological changes, economic prosperity and poverty) but, thanks to its members and, above all, its able leaders, its activities were carried on among all those changes of circumstances. Up to the early sixties, it was the single most important scholarly body of linguistics in Hungary, representing Hungarian linguistic studies in the widest possible sense and uniting almost the totality of linguists in this country. Even at the beginning of the third millennium, among radically changed and changing circumstances, the Society of Hungarian Linguistics is the most populous scholarly society devoted to the investigation of the Hungarian language and to that of languages and linguistic issues in general.
8

GABOR DOBRENTEI AND THE CAUSE OF THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2006
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vol. 130
|
issue 1
8-13
EN
This paper was presented as a memorial speech about the first secretary of the Hungarian Scholarly Society, the predecessor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (founded in 1825). The author briefly presents the linguistic activities of the eminent all-round cultural organiser by situating Dobrentei's life and work within the age of enlightenment and the Hungarian Reform Age (first half of the nineteenth century) as well as within the context of the state and situation of the Hungarian language.
9

A MEMORIAL SPEECH ON MIKLÓS ZSIRAI, LATE MEMBER OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2005
|
vol. 101
|
issue 3257-268
EN
This paper is an overview of the life and work of an outstanding figure of twentieth-century Hungarian and Finno-Ugric linguistics, Miklós Zsirai (1892-1955). He had a peculiar, almost romantic course of life, and worked as Head of the Department of Finno-Ugristics at Budapest University from 1929 to his death. With his attractive personality and captivating teacher's activity, he won numerous young students over to the cause of Finno-Ugric studies. With his exceptionally ethical character, he set an example to all. He focussed his scholarly attention on the Ob-Ugrian languages. His most important book 'Our Finno-Ugric Relatives' is a veritable encyclopedia of Finno-Ugric peoples and languages, a masterpiece of the propagation of knowledge. He edited two volumes of Khanty (Ostyak) heroic songs that had been collected by Antal Reguly. He also made his mark in the areas of etymology, comparative morphology, and the historiography of linguistics. He played a leading role in Hungarian linguistics in the period of 1930 to 1955.
10

THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2005
|
vol. 129
|
issue 1
12-30
EN
The author first makes four basic claims. (1) The fate of languages is determined by that of the communities of their speakers. (2) The competitiveness of a society includes linguistic competitiveness. (3) Changes in the lives of linguistic communities entail changes first in the status of their language, then in their language use and the individual speakers' competence, and finally in the system of the language. (4) Knowledge-based societies have better chances for the future than other societies. Consequently, the responsibility of the intelligentsia is great (also) in maintaining the social competitiveness of the linguistic community. The actual topic of this paper includes four issues: (a) the general language-policy situation of Hungarian today; (b) the dominance of English and related worries; (c) the European Union and Hungarian; and (d) the Hungarian spoken by minorities in neighbouring countries. Two problems are given more detailed treatment: (1) that of the updating of specialised languages, and (2) the future prospects of mother tongue use by Hungarian minorities. The author discusses the former problem because specialised languages are what make a language complete and competitive, hence their development carries great significance with respect to the survival of a language and is a timely problem today due to the propagation of English in the various special fields; and he discusses the latter problem because one third of native Hungarians live in a minority situation (as a consequence of the 1920 peace treaty of Trianon).
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