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Werbalne formuły grzecznościowe w epistolografii (od połowy XVIII do połowy XIX wieku)

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Leska-Dorenda A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2008
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vol. 10
EN
The study is based on Polish cpistolography of highly educated people - artists and aristocracy from the period of mid 18th century to mid 19th century. The range of work is limited to verbal expressions. The article discusses three most popular and most differentiated lingual phrases: requests, thanks and apologies. The mam goal of the study was analysis of the changes in formulating of polite expressions in the ages of Enlighment and Romanticism. Very important for the author was also the question whether the culture of discussed epochs simplified the baroque (and rococo) forms of polite expressions and to what extend they are continued in present language. In quoted examples besides the sender there is always given the receiver of the utterance since the type of connections between the authors of the letters and their recipients essentially influenced the changes in tone of the letters, the choice of subject, formal modifications and in consequence - the forms of polite expressions. Presented material allows to suppose that in comparison to previous period many forms became out of use and many quite new and unknown earlier were created. The most fruitful for these new forms was the turn of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century.
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Papierowa i internetowa. Prasa dla młodzieży

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Leska-Dorenda A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2008
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vol. 11
EN
This article is based on the analysis of the results of scientific research on the group of students which was held between March and May 2007. Research was made in the group of children and youth in age of 11-16-students of grammar schools and junior high schools from the rural (Orzechów) and urban (Lodz, Radomsko) area. Summarizing, 768 students (356 from 6 grammar schools, and 402 from 4 junior high schools) took part in the research. The main purpose of the matter was to find the answer to the questions like: Which newspapers are read by the youth? Do they understand the language which is used in those magazines? Which types of text the youth find especially interesting? and How popular internet magazines are among the youth? After collecting and analyzing the results of research, it may be admitted, that youth magazines are very popular form o f the entertainment, and the way of getting knowledge about the world. Over 90 percent of the students buy youth magazines, and almost half of them choose “Bravo”. “Bravo Girl”, “Twist” and “Dziewczyna” are other, less popular papers. The same results prove, that the online magazines do not raise too big interest among youth. Only 10% of the enquired confirmed this type of reading. The research also showed, that the language used in the youth press is not fully understandable for about 1/3 of the enquired. As the reason, the students pointed very often to the overflow of foreign words and incomprehensile vocabulary. Those facts arc undoubtedly striking, taking into consideration the fact, that nowadays the main medium of the expression of the press is the picture, and the newspapers texts are only a comment or a caption under the photography or illustration.
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