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Transactional model of subjective well-being

100%
Zalewska A. M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2004
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vol. 35
|
issue 1
45-54
EN
The paper presents assumptions and limitations of two - 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' - theories in research on subjective well-being (SWB). It offers a synthesis of them in the Transactional Model of Subjective Well-Being. Research has been conducted to examine whether at a given type of situations (at a new workplace) causal pathways between emotional and cognitive evaluations of life, job and health depend on reactivity. 97 workers at their new workplace were investigated with: Pavlovian Temperament Survey (reactivity), Time Sampling Diary (emotional evaluations of life, job and health), Work Description Inventory (satisfaction with life, job and job facets), Somatic Symptoms Checklist (cognitive evaluation of health). Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) are consistent with the theoretical assumptions and provide evidence that causalities between evaluations (the structures of SWB) are different in groups with high and low reactivity.
2

JOB ATTITUDE ACCORDING TO REACTIVITY AND KIND OF JOB

100%
Zalewska A. M.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
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2007
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vol. 15
87-110
EN
The study was conducted to verify hypotheses derived in accordance with the assumption of the Transactional Model of Subjective Well-Being (TMSWB) that a level of job evaluations can depend on person traits, environment factors and interplay between them. Emotional and cognitive job evaluations of 298 employees were analyzed in relation to reactivity and kind of job (accountants - low social, cognitive and physical stimulation; teachers - high social and cognitive stimulation, low physical stimulation; soldiers - high social and physical stimulation, low cognitive stimulation). Pavlovian Temperament Survey (reactivity), Work Description Inventory (overall and facets satisfaction) and Job Affect Scale (positive affect and negative affect at workplace) were used. Results strongly confirm TMSWB. Only negative affect at workplace is influenced independently by reactivity and kind of job. Positive affect and job satisfaction depend on interplay between reactivity and kind of job. Impact of reactivity on job attitude is stronger in jobs with high stimulation and kind of job influences this attitude of high-reactive workers much stronger than of the low-reactive. Findings show that among low-reactives teachers manifest higher job evaluations than accountants and soldiers and their evaluations are higher than those of high-reactive teachers. Among high-reactives soldiers manifest lowest job evaluations and their evaluations are lower than those of low-reactives. Satisfaction with pay and overall of high-reactive accountants is higher than those of low-reactive accountants although the first manifest stronger negative affect than the last. Complex mechanisms of reactivity and job environment effects on job attitude are discussed.
3

TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING - ASSUMPTIONS, FINDINGS AND FURTHER HYPOTHESES

100%
Zalewska A. M.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
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2005
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vol. 13
245-259
EN
A proposed theory refers to well-being of individuals estimated by themselves. Subjective well-being (SWB) contains attitudes towards one's own life as a whole and specific domains of own life (e.g. job, health), expressed in emotional and cognitive evaluations. Showing limitations of 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' theories the paper presents main assumptions of the Transactional Model of Subjective Well-being: 1. Emotional and cognitive evaluations are separable; 2. SWB is a system of attitudes; 3. A level of evaluations and relations between them depend on 'person' and 'person-environment' systems. Research on a structure of SWB show that: reactivity modifies causalities between emotional and cognitive evaluations of life, job and health at a new workplace (high stimulation); relations between cognitive evaluations depend on reactivity and a kind of situation (low or high post experience). The findings indicate that the offered theory is valid. New hypotheses and methodological demands for further research are also shown.
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